neck lumps Flashcards
What is a branchial cyst?
A congenital abnormality arising when the second branchial cleft fails to properly form during fetal development.
Where is a branchial cyst located?
In the lateral aspect of the neck, between the angle of the jaw and the sternocleidomastoid muscle.
At what age do branchial cysts typically present?
After the age of 10 years, most commonly in young adulthood.
What are the key features of a branchial cyst?
They are anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, round, soft, and non-tender.
What is the significance of transillumination in evaluating a neck lump?
If the lump transilluminates, it is more likely to be a cystic hygroma.
From which branchial cleft do most branchial cysts originate?
The second branchial cleft.
Define a sinus in the context of branchial abnormalities.
A blind ending pouch.
Define a fistula in the context of branchial abnormalities.
An abnormal connection between two epithelial surfaces.
What is a branchial cleft sinus?
When the branchial cyst is connected via a tract to the outer skin surface.
What might be visible on the skin with a branchial cleft sinus?
A small hole and possibly a noticeable discharge.
What is a branchial pouch sinus?
When the branchial cyst is connected via a tract to the oropharynx.
What is a branchial fistula?
A tract connecting the oropharynx to the outer skin surface via the branchial cyst.
Why do sinuses and fistulas pose an increased risk for branchial cysts?
They provide a way for pathogens to enter, increasing the risk of infections.
What is the recommended management for asymptomatic branchial cleft issues?
Conservative management may be appropriate.
When is surgical excision of a branchial cyst indicated?
In cases of recurrent infections, diagnostic doubt, or cosmetic issues.
