Respiratory 🫁 Flashcards
What is the Gold Standard Ix for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea?
Polysomnography
What Results will the spirometers show if a patient has COPD?
FEV1:FVC = <70%
What investigations is most likely to confirm the diagnosis of Bronchiectasis?
High Resolution CT
What would a HRCT show if a patient had Bronchiectasis?
- signet ring sign
- tram-track sign
- string of pearls / cluster of grapes sign
What would an ABG show of a patient with COPD?
Normal pH, high CO2, high HCO3-
What is the best Ix to do for an adult with Cystic Fibrosis?
Sweat test
What is the diagnostic test of choice for Cystic Fibrosis in Newborns?
Heel prick test (immunoreactive trypsinogen)
What ECG changes may be seen in someone with COPD?
Right axis deviation
Prominent P waves in inferior leads
Inverted P waves in high lateral leads (I, aVL)
Low voltage QRS
Delayed R/S transition in leads V1-V6
P pulmonale
Right ventricular strain pattern
RBBB
Multifocal atrial tachycardia
What should the initial screening for OSA include?
STOP- bangs questionarie
EpwoRth sleepiness scale
What is the Gold standard Ix for Pulmonary Fibrosis?
High resolution CT
What are the typical findings on HRCT for diagnosing pulmonary fibrosis?
- honeycombing
- ground-glass changes
- traction Bronchiectasis
What is the 1st line Ix in a patient with suspected Pleural Effusion?
Chest X ray
What will a CXR show if a patient has Pleural Effusion?
- blunting of the costophrenic angles
- white out of lung if the pleura effusion is large
What does the Lights Criteria tell you?
If an effusion is likely to be exudative
What is the Lights Criteria composed of?
- The ratio of pleural to serum protein in > 0.5
- The ratio of pleural to serum LDH is > 0.6
- The pleural fluid LDH is greater than 2/3 of the upper limit of normal serum value.
What can cause a Transudative Pleural effusion?
- HF
- Nephrotic syndrome
- cirrhosis
- Hypoalbuminaemia
What can cause an Exudative Pleural Effusion?
- pneumonia
- malignancy
- Tb
- PE
- RA
- SLE
- pancreatitis
- trauma
What Ix Would most likely provide a definitive diagnosis of Pertussis?
PCR
What is the Gold Standard for diagnosing pulmonary Hypertension?
Right Heart Catheterisation
What are some ECG finding in a patient with pulmonary hypertension?
- may be normal ECG
- signs of right heart strain: P pulmonale, RV hypertrophy, right axis deviation
What might a CXR show if a patient has active TB
- cavitation
- pleural effusion
- mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy
- paenchymal infiltrates esp in upper lobes
- military TB (tiny nodules)
What is the best initial Ix when a patient is suspected to have Pulmonary Hypertension?
Echocardiogram
What is the best diagnostic Ix for sarcoidosis?
Bronchoscopy with a transbronchial lung biopsy
