Respiratory

Question 1

Muscirinic GPCR reation

Answer 1

Acetylcholine binds to muscirinic receptor
Sub branch then activates PLC enzyme to produce IP3.
IP3 binds to calcium channels allowing them to open and contracts smooth muscle naarowing airways.

Question 2

B2 adrenoreceptor agonist actions

Answer 2

Salbutamol (or adrenaline) binds to beta 2 sites which releases messenger cAMP.
cAMP then leads to bronchodilation
PDE enzyme breaks down cAMP which causes smooth muscle to stop relaxing

Question 3

Allergy mechanics

Answer 3

Mast cells release hisamine and leukotrienes when foreign object discovered
Histamine binds to histamine receptors causing vasodilation and bronchoconstriction
Leukotrienes cause bronchoconstriction and vascular leakage

Question 4

Asthma/ allergy medications

Answer 4

Salbutamol - beta 2 agonist
Ipratropium - muscirinic antagonist
Adrenaline - alpha and beta receptor agonist
Hydrocortisone/ prednisalone - corticosteroids
Clorphenamine - histamine antagonist
Sildanofil - PDE inhibitor

Question 5

Corticosteroids mechanism of action

Answer 5

Bind to receptors in nucleus to inhibit gene transcription linked to inflammation