Respiratory

Question 1

Drainage for chest tubes

Answer 1

<100 ml/hr for sanguineous
<1000 ml/hr for serous

max 1500 mL/day

Question 2

Cheyne-Strokes respirations

Answer 2

irregular
alternate deep/shallow + periods of apnea (10 seconds)
common in hospice patients

Question 3

Kussmaul respirations

Answer 3

deep, rapid breathing
common in metabolic acidosis (DKA)

Question 4

ARDS etiology

Answer 4

drowning
pneumonia (aspiration/bacterial)
trauma
pancreatitis
sepsis
TRALI

Question 5

ARDS S/S

Answer 5

refractory hypoxemia
respiratory acidosis
wob/sob
tachypnea, tachycardia

Question 6

Ventilator complications

Answer 6

barotrauma (pneumothorax)
hypotension
delirium
stomach ulcers
AKI

Question 7

Stages of ARDS

Answer 7

exudative (acute inflammatory phase, injury to type 1/2 cells)
proliferative (recovery phase, cells begin to regenerate, reproduction of surfactant)
fibrotic (scarring, loss of lung parenchyma, permanent respiratory changes)

Question 8

Indicators for Ventilator

Answer 8

1) apnea/inadequate ventilation
2) increased WOB (AHF, COPDE)
3) inability to protect airway (oversedation)
4) refractory hypoxemia (ARDS)