respiratory Flashcards
encloses the chamber for air inspiration
. External nose.
is a cleaning, warming, and humidifying chamber
for inspired air.
. Nasal cavity.
is commonly called the throat. It serves as a shared
passageway for food and air.
Pharynx
is frequently called the voice box. Its rigid structure helps keep
the airway constantly open, or patent.
Larynx
commonly known as the windpipe. It serves as an aircleaning tube to funnel inspired air to each lung.
Trachea
tubes that direct air into the lungs
bronchi
labyrinth of air tubes and a complex network of air sacs,
called alveoli, and capillaries. The air sacs are separated by walls of connective
tissue containing both collagenous and elastic fibers. Each air sac is the site of gas
exchange between the air and the blood.
lungs
simply movement
of air into and out of the lungs
ventilation
the diffusion of
gases across cell membranes
respiration
the movement of gases
between atmospheric air in the lungs and the blood
external respiration
the movement of gases between the blood and the
body’s cells
internal respiration
encompasses the structures from the
nose to the smallest air tubes within the lungs and is strictly for ventilation
The conducting zone
is solely within the lungs and includes some
specialized small air tubes and the alveoli. where gas exchange occurs
respiratory zone
The conducting zone is for
ventilation
Zone where gas exchange occur
respiratory zone
For the respiratory system to accomplish gas exchange between the air and
the blood, there are four simultaneous processes, what are they?
Ventilation
external respiration
gas transport
internal respiration
enumerate the respiratory system
functions:
Regulation of blood pH
gas exchange
voice production
olfaction
protection
It consists the external nose and the nasal cavity
nose
the visible structure that forms a prominent feature of the face
external nose
the open chamber inside the nose where air first
enters the respiratory system.
nasal cavity
external openings of the respiratory system
nares or nostrils
opening to pharynx
choanae
anterior portion of the nasal cavity
vestibule
separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity
hard palate
divides the nose into right and left halves
nasal septum
boney ridges in the nasal cavity
conchae
passageway beneath each conchae
meatus
for tear drainage from the surface of the eye
nasolacrimal duct
inflammation of the mucous membrane of
a sinus, especially one or more of the paranasal sinuses.
sinusitis
It is
where where the majority of the warming, cleaning, and humidifying of air
occurs
nasal cavity
enumerate the nasal cavity or nose five functions:
Serves as passageway of air
Cleans the air
Humidifies and warms the air
Contains the olfactory epithelium
Helps determine the voice sound
Commonly known as throat, is the common opening of both the
digestive and the respiratory systems.
Pharynx
three regions of the pharynx:
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
most superior portion of the
pharynx and for air only
nasopharynx
It separates the nasopharynx
from the the oropharynx
soft palate
The extension of the
soft palate is called
uvula
prevents swallowed materials from entering the nasopharynx and nasal
cavity.
soft palate
helps defend the
body against infection
pharyngeal tonsil or adenoids
the middle portion of the pharynx where air, food, and drinks can pass through
oropharynx
pharynx where food and drink pass through
laryngopharynx
the largest of the cartilages an example is Adam’s apple
thyroid cartilage
forms the base
of the larynx. It is a single piece of cartilage upon which the other cartilages rest
cricoid cartilage
a single piece of
cartilage that is attached to the thyroid cartilage and projects superiorly. it is a freely movable flap
and is constructed of elastic cartilage rather than hyaline cartilage. It helps divert
food away from the trachea opening during swallowing.
epiglottis
articulate with the superior border on the posterior of the cricoid
cartilage
arytenoid cartilage
are attached to the superior tips of the arytenoid cartilages.
corniculate cartilages
are contained in a mucous membrane anterior to the corniculate
cartilages
cuneiform cartilages
commonly known as the voice box
larynx
what is the false vocal cords that are the superior pair of ligaments?
vestibular folds
what is the true vocal cords that are the inferior ligaments?
vocal folds
enumerate the four functions of the larynx
- Maintains an open passageway for air l movements
- Prevents swallowed materials from entering the larynx and lower respiratory tract
- Produces sound for speech
- Protects the lower respiratory tract from foreign materials
occurs and the person “loses” his
or her voice.
laryngitis
elastic cartilage that covers the laryngeal inlet during swallowing
epiglottis
the primary source of sound production
vocal folds
The force of air
moving past the vocal folds determines the
loudness of sound
The
frequency of vibrations determines
pitch
is commonly known as the windpipe
trachea
shape of tracheal rings
c-shaped
The trachea is reinforced with 15–20 C-shaped pieces of
hyaline cartilage called
tracheal rings
traps inspired dust, bacteria, and other foreign matter.
mucuos prfuce form goblet cells
The trachea divides to form two smaller tubes called
main bronchi
At the location where the trachea divides into the
two main bronchi is a ridge of cartilage called
carina
consists of the
trachea and the network of air tubes in the lungs
tracheobronchial tree
secondary bronchi, arise directly from the
main bronchi is called
lobar bronchi
tertiary bronchi, supply
subdivisions within each lung lobe, which are called bronchopulmonary segments is called
segmental bronchi
result from continued branching of the segmental
bronch
bronchioles
arise from several subdivisions
of bronchioles
terminal bronchioles
occurs
when the smooth muscle relaxes, making the bronchiole diameter larger
bronchodilation
occurs when the smooth muscle contracts, making the
bronchiole diameter smaller
bronchoconstriction
happens to patient when there is severe
bronchoconstriction.
asthma attack
example of medications that
help counteract the effects of an asthma attack by promoting smooth muscle
relaxation in the walls of terminal bronchioles, so that air can flow more
freely.
albuterol
The sites of external respiration are the
alveoli
are small, air-filled chambers where the air and the blood come into close contact with each other
alveoli
arise from the respiratory
bronchioles
alveolar ducts
are chambers connected to two or more alveoli at the
end of an alveolar duct.
alveolar sacs
location of external respiration. In other words, it is where
O2 enters the blood and CO2 exits the blood
respiratory membrane
The alveolar walls and surrounding pulmonary capillaries form the
respiratory membrane
the thoracic wall consists of 5 structures
(1) thoracic vertebrae, (2) ribs, (3) costal
cartilages, (4) sternum, and (5) associated muscles
the space enclosed by the thoracic wall and the
diaphragm
throacic cavity
are the primary organs of respiration and largest organ of the body
lungs
portion of the lungs in contact with the diaphragm
base
The portion of the lungs that extends above the clavicle is called
apex
an indentation on the medial surface of the lung.
hilum
All the structures
passing through the hilum are referred to as the
root of the lungs
How many lobes does the (a) right lung and (b) left lung has
(a) 3
(b) 2
The left
lung has a medial indentation called
cardiac notch
Blood that has passed through the lungs and picked up O2 is called
oxygenated blood
blood that has passed through the tissues and
released some of its O2 is called
deoxygenated blood
