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anaphy > Blood vessels and blood > Flashcards

Blood vessels and blood Flashcards

1
Q

Blood vessels outside the heart are divided into two classes:

A

the pulmonary vessels and systemic vessels

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2
Q

transport blood from the right ventricle of the
heart through the lungs and back to the left atrium

A

pulmonary vessels

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3
Q

transport blood from the left ventricle of the heart through all
parts of the body and back to the right atrium

A

systemic vessels

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4
Q

circulatory system has five functions:

A

carries blood
Exchanges nutrients, waste products, and gases with tissues.
Transports substances.
Helps regulate blood pressure
Directs blood flow to the tissues

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5
Q

carry blood away from the heart; usually, the
blood is oxygenated

A

arteries

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6
Q

The arteries are normally classified in one of three categories:

A

(1) elastic
arteries, (2) muscular arteries, or (3) arterioles.

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7
Q

where exchange of substances such as O2, nutrients, CO2, and
other waste products occurs between the blood and the tissue fluid.

A

capillaries

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8
Q

carry blood
toward the heart; usually, the blood is deoxygenated (oxygen poor).

A

veins

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9
Q

Veins increase in
diameter and decrease in number as they progress toward the heart, and
their walls increase in thickness. True or false

A

true

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10
Q

Veins may be classified, from smallest to
largest as

A

(1) venules, (2) small veins, (3) medium-sized veins, or (4) large
veins

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11
Q

Except in capillaries and venules, blood vessel walls consist of three layers
or

A

tunics

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12
Q

From the inner to the outer wall, the tunics are

A

(1) the
tunica intima, (2) the tunica media, and (3) the tunica adventitia, or tunica
externa

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13
Q

innermost layer, consists of
an endothelium, composed of simple squamous
epithelial cells

A

tunica intima

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14
Q

middle layer, consists of
smooth muscle cells arranged circularly around the blood vessel

A

tunica media

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15
Q

is composed of dense connective tissue
adjacent to the tunica media

A

tunica adventitia

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16
Q

are the largest-diameter arteries and have the thickest walls

A

elastic arteries

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17
Q

include medium-sized and small arteries

A

muscular arteries

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18
Q

Medium-sized arteries are frequently called ____ because the smooth muscle tissue enables these
vessels to control blood flow to different body regions.

A

distributing arteries

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19
Q

Contraction of the
smooth muscle in blood vessels

A

vasoconstriction

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20
Q

Relaxation of
the smooth muscle in blood vessels

A

vasodilation

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21
Q

transport blood from small arteries to capillaries and known as the smallest arteries

A

arterioles

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22
Q

Blood flow through capillary networks is regulated by smooth muscle cells called

A

precapillary sphincter

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23
Q

have a diameter slightly larger than that of capillaries and are composed of endothelium resting on a delicate connective tissue
layer

A

venules

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24
Q

Medium-sized veins collect blood from small veins and deliver it to

A

large veins

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25
Q

ensure that blood flows toward the heart but not in the opposite direction

A

valve

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26
Q

Blood from the right ventricle is pumped into a short vessel

A

pulmonary trunk

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27
Q

branches of pulmonary trunk

A

left and right pulmonary arteries

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28
Q

These arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the
pulmonary capillaries in the lungs

A

left and right pulmonary arteries

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29
Q

exit the lungs and carry the
oxygenated blood to the left atrium

A

four pulmonary veins

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30
Q

All arteries of the systemic circulation branch directly or indirectly from the
a

A

aorta

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31
Q

3 parts of aorta

A

(1) the
ascending aorta, (2) the aortic arch, and (3) the descending aorta

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32
Q

descending aorta is further divided into

A

thoracic aorta and the abdominal
aorta

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33
Q

the part of the aorta that passes superiorly from
the left ventricle.

A

ascending aorta

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34
Q

arise from the base of
the ascending aorta and supply blood to the heart

A

The right and left coronary arteries

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35
Q

The aorta arches posteriorly and to the left as the

A

aortic arch

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36
Q

Three
major arteries, which carry blood to the head and upper limbs, originate from

A

aortic arch

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37
Q

what are the 3 major arteries that originate from aortic arch?

A

(1) the brachiocephalic artery, (2) the left common carotid
artery, and (3) the left subclavian artery

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38
Q

the longest part of the aorta

A

descending aorta

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39
Q

The part of the
descending aorta that extends through the thorax to the diaphragm is called

A

thoracic aorta

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40
Q

The part of the descending aorta that
extends from the diaphragm to the point at which it divides into the two
common iliac arteries is

A

abdominal aorta

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41
Q

is a localized dilation of
an artery that usually develops in response to trauma or a congenital weakness of the artery wall

A

arterial aneurysm

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42
Q

The first vessel to
branch from the aortic arch is the

A

brachiocephalic artery

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43
Q

transports blood to the right side of the head and
neck

A

right common carotid artery

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44
Q

transports blood to the right upper limb

A

right subclavian artery

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45
Q

There is no brachiocephalic artery on the left side of the body. Instead,
both the left common carotid and the left subclavian arteries branch directly
off the aortic arch. true or false

A

true

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46
Q

transports
blood to the left side of the head and neck

A

left common carotid artery

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47
Q

transports blood to the left upper limb.

A

left subclavian artery

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48
Q

common carotid arteries extend and branch into

A

internal and external
carotid arteries

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49
Q

The base of each internal carotid artery is slightly dilated
to form a ___ which contains structures important in monitoring blood pressure

A

carotid sinus

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50
Q

have several branches that supply the structures of the neck, face, nose, and mouth

A

external carotid arteries

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51
Q

arteries that pass through the carotid canals and contribute to the
cerebral arterial circle

A

internal carotid arteries

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52
Q

The vessels that supply blood to most of the brain branch from the

A

cerebral arterial circle

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53
Q

branch from the subclavian arteries and pass to the head
through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae

A

vertebral arteries

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54
Q

Within the cranial cavity, the vertebral arteries unite to form

A

single basilar artery

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55
Q

artery in the axilla

A

axillary artery

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56
Q

When the axillary artery extends into the
arm, it is then referred to as the

A

brachial artery

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57
Q

Blood pressure measurements are normally taken from the

A

brachial artery

58
Q

The brachial artery thqt branches at the elbow which supply blood to the
forearm and hand

A

ulnar and radial arteries

59
Q

is the one most commonly used for
taking a pulse.

A

radial artery

60
Q

The branches of the thoracic aorta can be divided into two groups

A

(1) the
visceral
arteries and (2) the parietal
arteries

61
Q

arteries that supply blood to thoracic organs, including the
esophagus, the trachea, the parietal pericardium, and part of the lung

A

visceral arteries

62
Q

supply blood to the thoracic wall, and include the posterior
intercostal arteries

A

parietal arteries

63
Q

supply the
diaphragm

A

superior phrenic artery

64
Q

are branches of the subclavian arteries

A

internal throracic artery

65
Q

extend between the ribs to supply the anterior chest wall

A

anterior thoracic artery

66
Q

There are three major unpaired visceral artery
branches:

A

1) the celiac trunk, (2) the superior
mesenteric artery, and (3) the inferior mesenteric
artery.

67
Q

supplies blood to the stomach, pancreas, spleen,
upper duodenum, and liver

A

the celiac trunk

68
Q

supplies blood to
the small intestine and the upper portion of the large intestine

A

superior mesenteric artery

69
Q

supplies blood to the remainder of the large
intestine

A

inferior mesenteric artery

70
Q

There are three paired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta:

A

(1) the
renal arteries, (2) the suprarenal arteries, and (3) the gonadal arteries.

71
Q

supply the kidneys

A

renal arteries

72
Q

supply the adrenal
glands.

A

supraprenal arteries

73
Q

supply the testes in males

A

testicular arteries

74
Q

supply the ovaries in females.

A

ovarian arteries

75
Q

supply the diaphragm

A

inferior phrenic arteries

76
Q

supply the lumbar vertebrae and back muscles

A

lumbar arteries

77
Q

supplies the inferior vertebrae

A

median sacral artery

78
Q

The abdominal aorta divides at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra into two

A

common iliac arteries

79
Q

common iliac which enters a lower
limb

A

external iliac artery

80
Q

common iliac which supplies the pelvic area

A

internal iliac artery

81
Q

artery in the thigh

A

femoral artery

82
Q

arteries which give rise to arteries that supply blood
to the leg and foot

A

anterior tibial artery and the
posterior tibial artery

83
Q

artery in the ankle

A

dorsalis pedis artery

84
Q

supplies the lateral leg and foot

A

fibular artery

85
Q

it is located in the superior and medial area of the thigh

A

femoral triangle

86
Q

returns blood
from the head, neck, thorax, and upper limbs to the right atrium of the heart

A

superior vena cava

87
Q

returns blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and
lower limbs to the right atrium

A

inferior vena cava

88
Q

The two pairs of major veins that collect blood from the head and neck are

A

(1) the external jugular veins and (2) the internal jugular veins

89
Q

They carry blood from the posterior head and neck, emptying
primarily into the subclavian veins.

A

external jugular veins

90
Q

They carry blood from the brain and the anterior head, face, and
neck.

A

internal jugular vein

91
Q

The internal jugular veins join the subclavian veins on each side of
the body to form the

A

brachiocephalic veins

92
Q

The major deep veins which accompany the brachial artery and empty into the axillary vein

A

brachial veins

93
Q

becomes the axillary vein, are the major superficial veins.

A

basilic vein

94
Q

the cephalic veins empties in the

A

axillary vein

95
Q

the vein that usually connects the cephalic
vein or its tributaries with the basilic vein

A

median cubital vein

96
Q

often used as a site for drawing blood

A

cubital fossa

97
Q

Three major veins return blood from the thorax to the superior vena cava:

A

(1)
the right brachiocephalic vein, (2) the left brachiocephalic vein and
(3) the azygos vein

98
Q

Blood from the posterior thoracic wall is collected by

A

posterior intercostal veins

99
Q

Blood from the posterior abdominal wall returns toward the heart through

A

ascending lumbar veins

100
Q

The internal iliac veins
return blood from the pelvis and join the external iliac veins from the lower
limbs to form the

A

common iliac veins

101
Q

The common iliac veins combine to
form the

A

inferior vena cava

102
Q

is a system of blood vessels that begins and ends with capillary beds
and has no pumping mechanism, such as the heart, in between.

A

portal system

103
Q

the system that begins with capillaries in the
viscera and ends with capillaries in the liver.

A

hepatic portal system

104
Q

The major vessels of the hepatic portal system are

A

splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein

105
Q

Blood from the posterior thoracic wall is collected by
posterior intercostal veins that empty into the azygos vein on the right
and _____ on the left

A

hemiazygos vein or the accessory hemiazygos vein

106
Q

carries blood from the spleen and pancreas

A

splenic vein

107
Q

The
splenic vein and the superior mesenteric vein join to form the ___ which enters the liver

A

hepatic portal vein

108
Q

within the liver, toxic substances are converted
to

A

nontoxic substances

109
Q

carry blood from
the kidneys

A

renal veins

110
Q

drain the adrenal glands

A

supraprenal veins

111
Q

drain blood from the reproductive organs

A

gonadal veins

112
Q

drain the testes in males

A

testicular veins

113
Q

drain the
ovaries in females.

A

ovarian veins

114
Q

The
superficial veins consist of

A

great saphenous veins
small saphenous veins

115
Q

the saphenous vein that originates over the dorsal andmedial side of the foot and ascends along the medial side of the leg and thigh
to empty into the femoral vein.

A

great saphenous vein

116
Q

the saphenous vein that begins over the
lateral side of the foot and joins the popliteal vein, which becomes the
femoral vein.

A

small saphenous veins

117
Q

The function of the circulatory system

A

is to maintain adequate blood flow to
all body tissues

118
Q

is a measure of the force blood exerts against the blood
vessel walls

A

blood pressure

119
Q

When the ventricles
contract, blood is forced into the arteries, and the pressure reaches a
maximum value called the

A

systolic pressure

120
Q

When the ventricles relax,
blood pressure in the arteries falls to a minimum value called

A

diastolic pressure

121
Q

Health professionals most often use this method to determine blood pressure

A

auscultatory

122
Q

A standard blood pressure for a resting young adult male is

A

120/80

123
Q

Resistance to blood flow is related to the diameter of the blood vessel. The
smaller the diameter of the blood vessel,

A

the greater the resistance of blood to flow

124
Q

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the

A

pulse pressure

125
Q

Two factors affect pulse pressure:

A

(1) stroke volume and
(2) vascular compliance.

126
Q

When the stroke volume increases, the systolic
pressure decreases more than the diastolic pressure. This leads to a higher
pulse pressure. t or f

A

false, increases

127
Q

hardening of
the arteries, or the arteries are less elastic than normal.

A

arteriosclerosis

128
Q

A pulse can be felt
at locations where

A

large arteries are close to the surface of the body

129
Q

The major forces responsible for moving fluid through the capillary wall are

A

(1) blood pressure and (2) osmosis

130
Q

results from a disruption in the normal inwardly and
outwardly directed pressures across the capillary walls.

A

edema

131
Q

An area of the lower pons and upper medulla oblongata that continually transmits a low frequency
of action potentials to the sympathetic nerve fibers that innervate blood
vessels of the body

A

vasomotor center

132
Q

it function to keep the blood pressure within its normal
range

A

baroreceptor reflexes

133
Q

respond to stretch in arteries caused by increased blood
pressure

A

baroreceptor

134
Q

respond to changes in blood concentrations of O2
and CO2, as well as pH

A

chemoreceptor reflexes

135
Q

are small structures that lie near the carotid sinuses, and
aortic bodies lie near the aortic arch

A

carotid bodies

136
Q

because they are sensitive to chemical changes in
the blood, they are called

A

chemoreceptor

137
Q

it is important when there is a
drop in blood pressure

A

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism

138
Q

three different substances are involved in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
:

A

(1) renin, (2) angiotensin II, and (3) aldosterone

139
Q

The kidneys detect a decrease in blood pressure and respond by secreting
an enzyme called

A

renin

140
Q

A peptide hormone called ______hormone is released primarily from specialized cells of the right atrium in
response to elevated blood pressure

A

atrial natriuretic hormone

141
Q

a type of arteriosclerosis results from the deposition of material in the
walls of arteries that forms plaques

A

anaphy (3 decks)

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