Respiratory Flashcards
What does the upper respiratory tract do?
Warms and filters air
What does the lower respiratory tract do?
Accomplishes gas exchange
Assessment order for respiratory
Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation
Bronchoscopy pre procedure
NPO
Check if informed consent was obtained
Assess baseline respiratory status
Assess allergies
Bronchoscopy post procedure
NPO until cough reflex returns, then try ice chips
Assess gag reflex
assess respiratory status continuously (signs of hypoxia, labored breathing)
VS
Is blood tinged sputum and fever normal after bronchoscopy? for how long?
yes, 24 hours
Hypoxemia
a decrease in the arterial oxygen tension in the blood
Hypoxia
a decrease in oxygen supply to the tissues and cells that can also be caused by problems outside the respiratory system
Oxygen toxicity
Can occur when too high a concentration of oxygen is administered for an extended period
Symptoms of oxygen toxicity
“feeling of fullness”
Substernal discomfort
paresthesia
dyspnea
restlessness
fatigue
malaise
progressive respiratory difficulty
refectory hypoxemia
alveolar atelectasis
alveolar infiltrates
Preventing oxygen toxicity
Lowest effective concentrations of oxygen
CPAP
Nasal canula
1-6L (typically 2L or 4L)
Indications: mild shortness of breath, asthma, COPD, CF, Pneumonia, to ease work of breathing
Risks: Mucosal drying, skin breakdown behind ears and at nares
Simple face mask
6-10L
Indication: If NC is insufficient and/or mild respiratory distress
Risks: Claustrophobia, CO2 buildup on low flow rates, cannot eat or drink while wearing, may not fit well
Nonrebreather
has a reservoir bag
10-15L
Indication: If NC or simple mask is insufficient, traumatic injuries, after smoke inhalation
Risk: Uncomfortable, impedes patients ability to communicate, eat, and drink
Incentive spirometry
Device encourages patient to inhale slowly and deeply to maximize lung inflation and alveoli expansion.
Used to prevent or treat atelectasis
Sleep apnea symptoms
loud snoring
Excessive day time sleepiness
Frequent episodes of obstructed breathing during sleep
Morning headache
Unrefreshing sleep
Dry moth upon awakening
Treatments for sleep apnea
Change sleep position
Decrease weight
CPAP
Drug therapy
Surgical - adenoidectomy
Lower respiratory tract disorders
Atelectasis
emphysema
COPD
Restrictive disorders
Asthma
empyema
pleurisy
Pleural effusion
Infectious disorders
Tracheobronchitis
bronchitis
pneumonia
TB
Legionnaires
Mycoplasm
atelectasis
Fine crackles, may be auscultated, dyspnea, cough and sputum production, tachycardia, pleural pain
Interventions
Early mobilization
incentive spirometer
adequate pain control
Turn, cough, deep breathe
Tracheobronchitis
Acute: acute inflammation of the mucous membranes of the trachea and the bronchial tree
Pneumonia
Inflammation of the lung tissue causing an opportunistic bacterium to create infection.
symptoms
cough, fever, chills, tachycardia, tachypnea, dyspnea, pleural pain, malaise, respiratory distress, decreased breath sounds
Aspiration
Inhalation of a foreign substance into the lungs/airway
can cause pneumonia
