Respiratory

Question 1

What does the upper respiratory tract do?

Answer 1

Warms and filters air

Question 2

What does the lower respiratory tract do?

Answer 2

Accomplishes gas exchange

Question 3

Assessment order for respiratory

Answer 3

Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation

Question 4

Bronchoscopy pre procedure

Answer 4

NPO
Check if informed consent was obtained
Assess baseline respiratory status
Assess allergies

Question 5

Bronchoscopy post procedure

Answer 5

NPO until cough reflex returns, then try ice chips
Assess gag reflex
assess respiratory status continuously (signs of hypoxia, labored breathing)
VS

Question 6

Is blood tinged sputum and fever normal after bronchoscopy? for how long?

Answer 6

yes, 24 hours

Question 7

Hypoxemia

Answer 7

a decrease in the arterial oxygen tension in the blood

Question 8

Hypoxia

Answer 8

a decrease in oxygen supply to the tissues and cells that can also be caused by problems outside the respiratory system

Question 9

Oxygen toxicity

Answer 9

Can occur when too high a concentration of oxygen is administered for an extended period

Question 10

Symptoms of oxygen toxicity

Answer 10

“feeling of fullness”
Substernal discomfort
paresthesia
dyspnea
restlessness
fatigue
malaise
progressive respiratory difficulty
refectory hypoxemia
alveolar atelectasis
alveolar infiltrates

Question 11

Preventing oxygen toxicity

Answer 11

Lowest effective concentrations of oxygen
CPAP

Question 12

Nasal canula

Answer 12

1-6L (typically 2L or 4L)
Indications: mild shortness of breath, asthma, COPD, CF, Pneumonia, to ease work of breathing
Risks: Mucosal drying, skin breakdown behind ears and at nares

Question 13

Simple face mask

Answer 13

6-10L
Indication: If NC is insufficient and/or mild respiratory distress
Risks: Claustrophobia, CO2 buildup on low flow rates, cannot eat or drink while wearing, may not fit well

Question 14

Nonrebreather

Answer 14

has a reservoir bag
10-15L
Indication: If NC or simple mask is insufficient, traumatic injuries, after smoke inhalation
Risk: Uncomfortable, impedes patients ability to communicate, eat, and drink

Question 15

Incentive spirometry

Answer 15

Device encourages patient to inhale slowly and deeply to maximize lung inflation and alveoli expansion.
Used to prevent or treat atelectasis

Question 16

Sleep apnea symptoms

Answer 16

loud snoring
Excessive day time sleepiness
Frequent episodes of obstructed breathing during sleep
Morning headache
Unrefreshing sleep
Dry moth upon awakening

Question 17

Treatments for sleep apnea

Answer 17

Change sleep position
Decrease weight
CPAP
Drug therapy
Surgical - adenoidectomy

Question 18

Lower respiratory tract disorders

Answer 18

Atelectasis
emphysema
COPD

Question 19

Restrictive disorders

Answer 19

Asthma
empyema
pleurisy
Pleural effusion

Question 20

Infectious disorders

Answer 20

Tracheobronchitis
bronchitis
pneumonia
TB
Legionnaires
Mycoplasm

Question 21

atelectasis

Answer 21

Fine crackles, may be auscultated, dyspnea, cough and sputum production, tachycardia, pleural pain
Interventions
Early mobilization
incentive spirometer
adequate pain control
Turn, cough, deep breathe

Question 22

Tracheobronchitis

Answer 22

Acute: acute inflammation of the mucous membranes of the trachea and the bronchial tree

Question 23

Pneumonia

Answer 23

Inflammation of the lung tissue causing an opportunistic bacterium to create infection.
symptoms
cough, fever, chills, tachycardia, tachypnea, dyspnea, pleural pain, malaise, respiratory distress, decreased breath sounds

Question 24

Aspiration

Answer 24

Inhalation of a foreign substance into the lungs/airway
can cause pneumonia

Question 25

Pleurisy

Answer 25

Inflammation of both layers of pleurae
sharp, stabbing pain

Question 26

Pleural effusion

Answer 26

fluid collection in pleural space usually secondary to pneumonia
Large effusions impair lung expansion causing dyspnea
Treatment: Chest tube

Question 27

Empyema

Answer 27

Accumulation of thick, purulent fluid in pleural spaces

Question 28

Tracheotomy

Answer 28

An opening is made into the trachea, indwelling tube inserted into the trachea is called a tracheostomy tube
Nursing management
Monitoring and assessment
Patency by proper suctioning
Analgesia and sedatives