Cardiac Flashcards
What is diastole?
Relaxation
What is systole?
Contraction
How do you calculate cardiac output?
Heartrate X stroke volume
What is ejection fraction
percentage of blood ejected from the ventricles.
What is a normal ejection fraction
50-70 percent
What is preload
end-diastolic pressure after ventricles have filled
The amount of ventricular stretch at the end of diastole
What is afterload
Resistance the ventricles face when ejecting blood
What is SVR
systemic vascular resistance
What is contractility
The force of contraction or stretch
What is the SA node? What is the BPM?
The pacemaker of the heart, 60-100 BPM
What is the AV node?
It delays the impulse sent by the SA node
What are bundle branches? and Purkinje fibers?
These are fibers that carry the signal from the AV node, through the septum of the heart and deep into the myocardium
Depolarization is what?
Ion exchange and then contraction
What is repolarization?
Myocardial rest, the muscle gets ready for the next depolarization
What are some things you would find during a physical assessment
Appearance (pale, diaphoresis, ashy)
Skin (coolness)
Pulses (weak and diminished)
Blood pressure (high or low) orthostatic?
arterial pulses (apical is most reliable, pulses may be bounding or absent)
Jugular venous pulsations
Heart inspection, palpation, and auscultation
What electrolytes should be looked at
Na, K, Mag, Ca, Phos
What about blood chemistry should be looked at
Hematology and coagulation studies
What does HGB A1C have to do with cardiac
High blood sugar can cause a hardening of the arteries and become blocked over time
The lipid profile look at? what should the levels be
HDL >35
LDL <100
total cholesterol <200
B type natriuretic peptide
regulates BP and FV
Where does B-type natriuretic peptide come from?
Secreted by ventricles in heart failure
BNP >100 suggests HF
C reactive protein
liver produces in response to inflammation which indicates CAD
CRP >3 suggests greater risk for CVD
Troponin
Released by the heart from muscle death
How long does troponin stay in the blood
6-12 hours before it shows up
stays for 1-2 weeks
After heart attack, it never goes back down to normal, it will always be present
