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Buzz words Y1 > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Stoney dull to percuss

A

Pleural effusion

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2
Q

Right sided pleuritic chest pain

A

Most likely pneumonia

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3
Q

Alveolar bats wings
Kerley B lines
Cardiomegaly
Dilated prominent upper lobe vessels
Pleural effusion

A

Pulmonary oedema

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4
Q

Ground-glass appearance on x-ray

A

pulmonary fibrosis

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5
Q

Zeihl-Neelsen stain positive for acid fast bacilli

A

TB

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6
Q

Caseous necrosis

A

TB

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7
Q

Apical disease

A

Most likely (secondary) TB
Apical lesion is called an Assmann focus

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8
Q

Miliary tuberculous

A

Spread of organism into bloodstream
If organism spread via pulmonary artery, miliary dissemination into the lung occurs
If organism spread via pulmonary vein, there is systemic dissemination to the liver, spleen and kidneys

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9
Q

Positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

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10
Q

Chest infection with a parrot/pigeon as a pet

A

Caused by chlamydophilia psittaci

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11
Q

Dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad

A

Legionella pneumophilia (test urine for antigens)

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12
Q

Tall, thin young man who indulges in marijuana

A

Pneumothorax (Marfan’s)

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13
Q

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue and weight loss

A

Sarcoidosis

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14
Q

Bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole (on CT) (signet ring sign)

A

Bronchiectasis

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15
Q

D sign on x-ray

A

Empyema

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16
Q

Steeple sign on x-ray

A

larygotracheobronchitis/croup

17
Q

Child with barking cough

A

Croup

18
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia

A

HIV

19
Q

Asthma + nasal polyps + salicylate sensitivity

A

Samter’s triad

20
Q

Alcoholic (danger of aspiration pneumonia)

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae (red jelly haemopytsis)

21
Q

Rusty sputum

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

22
Q

Cannonball metastases (also weight loss and haematuria)

A

Classically from primary renal cell carcinoma

23
Q

Morning headache

A

Hypercapnia

24
Q

ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) secreting lung tumour

A

Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC)

25
Q

PTH (parathyroid hormone) secreting lung tumour

A

Small cell carcinoma (SCC) of lung

26
Q

Small cell carcinoma

A

Neuroendocrine
Highly malignant
May be associated with ectopic endocrine syndromes

27
Q

Increased serum ACE and Ca2+

A

Sarcoid

28
Q

Eggshell calcification

A

Silicosis

29
Q

Heart failure cells seen in alveolar space

A

Macrophages have been absorbed

30
Q

Haemosiderin (stores iron in the body)

A

Found in chronic pulmonary oedema
Associated with (severe) left ventricular heart failure
Also seen in long standing pulmonary hypertension

31
Q

Ghon focus

A

An area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung beneath the pleura - found in TB infection
Ghon focus rupture (rare) through the visceral pleura into the pleural cavity will produce tuberculous pleurisy

32
Q

Assman focus

A

Apical lesion of secondary tuberculous infection

33
Q

Coin lesion found on chest radiographs

A

A rounded solitary lesion
The common lesions are: primary bronchial or lung carcinoma, metastatic tumour (esp. of kidney), bronchial hamartoma, carcinoid tumour, granulomatous inflammation, lung abscess

34
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

Can occur when there is a local spread of cancer to the intrathoracic nodes
Signs include: ptosis (drooping of the eyelid), enophthalmos (sunken eye), mitosis (small pupil), and lack of sweating on the ipsilateral (same side as invasion) side of the face
This is due to invasion of the cervical sympathetic chain

35
Q

Acute management of asthma

A

OSHITMAN
Oxygen 100% through non-breather mask
Salbutamol nebulised back to back
Hydrocortisone IV or prednisolone PO
Ipratropium bromide nebulised hourly
Theophylline IV or aminophylline IV
Magnesium
Anaethesist

36
Q

Thumbprint sign on x-ray

A

Epiglottis

37
Q

Inspiratory whoop/barking cough

A

Pertussis (caused by bordetella pertussis)

38
Q

Snow storm appearance on x-ray

A

Baritosis
Silicosis

Buzz words Y1 (4 decks)

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