Respiratory Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of Type I pneumocytes?

A

gas exchange

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2
Q

Type I pneumocyte structure

A

flat cells that cover 95-97% of the alveolar surface

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3
Q

What are the alveolar cell types?

A

Type I pneumocytes, Type II pneumocytes, Alveolar macrophages

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4
Q

Type II pneumocyte function

A

2 functions:

  1. release surfactant
  2. proliferate/regenerate in response to injury-precursor for both Type I and Type II pneumocytes
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5
Q

Type II pneumocyte structure

A

5% of the alveolar surface, made up of cuboidal cells

(cuboidal cells secrete surfactant)

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6
Q

Surfactant actions

A

decrease surface tension, alveolar collapse, lung recoil
increase compliance

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7
Q

What is surfactant composed of?

A

lecithins, mainly dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)

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8
Q

When does the synthesis of surfactant occur?

A

it begins at 20 weeks gestation and achieves mature levels at 35 weeks of gestation

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9
Q

What is important for fetal surfactant synthesis and lung development and will be given to moms in preterm labor?

A

glucocorticoids

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10
Q

What is derived from fetal monocytes during lung development?

A

alveolar macrophages

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11
Q

What are the principal cells involved in clearing inhaled foreign particles from the terminal respiratory units?

A

alveolar macrophages-immune function

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12
Q

When would hemosiderin-laden macrophages be found?

A

pulmonary edema or alveolar hemorrhage

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13
Q

hemosiderin is

A

a brown iron-containing pigment usually derived from the disintegration of extravasated red blood cells

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14
Q

Law of Laplace says

A

alveoli have increased tendency to collapse on expiration as radius decreases

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15
Q

The conducting zone is made up of:

A

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

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16
Q

The respiratory zone is made up of:

A

respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs

17
Q

Where is airway resistance the highest in the conducting zone?

A

large to medium sized bronchioles

18
Q

anatomic dead space

A

warms, humidifies, and filters air but does NOT do gas exchange

(nose-> mouth-> trachea-> terminal bronchioles)

19
Q

Where are goblet cells found and what is their function?

A

They are found to the end of the bronchioles (along with cartilage)

They are mucin producing

20
Q

mucin

A

lubrication and clearance of allergens, pathogens and debris.

21
Q

pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium location

A

bronchus to beginning of the terminal bronchioles where it transitions into cuboidal cells

22
Q

pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium function

A

clear mucus and debris from lungs

23
Q

Where are club cells found?

A

terminal bronchioles

(act as regenerative source of ciliated cells in the bronchioles