Respiratory Flashcards
Wells Score
Signs and symptoms DVT (+3)
PE is most likely diagnosis (+3)
HR >100 (+1.5)
Immobilization >3d or surgery within previous 4wks (+1.5)
History of DVT or PE (+1.5)
Haemoptysis (+1)
Malignancy within previous 6mo (+1)
PE: investigation in low probability cases (Wells Score <3)
CXR to rule out other causes
D dimer
PE: investigation in high probability cases (Wells Score >3)
CXR to rule out other causes
CTPA
If poor renal function: V/Q scan
PE: management in provoked cases
DOAC for 3mo
PE: management in unprovoked cases
DOAC for 6mo
PE: management in cardiovascularly compromised patients
thrombolysis
PE: ECG changes
Sinus tachycardia
RBBB and/or RAD
S1 Q3 T3 pattern (S wave in lead 1, Q wave and T inversion in lead 3)
PE: ECG changes
Sinus tachycardia
RBBB and/or RAD
S1 Q3 T3 pattern (S wave in lead 1, Q wave and T inversion in lead 3)
bronchiectasis: causes
- idiopathic (50%)
- impaired mucociliary clearance (CF, Kartagener’s syndrome, immunoglobulin deficiency)
- post-infectious
- obstruction
- GORD
- inflammatory disease (e.g. RA)
bronchiectasis: causes
- idiopathic (50%)
- impaired mucociliary clearance (CF, Kartagener’s syndrome, immunoglobulin deficiency)
- post-infectious
- obstruction
- GORD
- inflammatory disease (e.g. RA)
bronchiectasis: causes
- idiopathic (50%)
- impaired mucociliary clearance (CF, Kartagener’s syndrome, immunoglobulin deficiency)
- post-infectious
- obstruction
- GORD
- inflammatory disease (e.g. RA)
common opportunistic infections in bronchiectasis
Haemophilus influenzae
common opportunistic infections in cystic fibrosis
Pseudomonas, Aspergillosis
bronchiectasis: complications
- haemoptysis
- persistent infection (Haemophilus)
- empyema
- respiratory failure
- cor pulmonale
bronchiectasis: management
- inhaled corticosteroids
- bronchodilators
- chest physiotherapy
- flu vaccination