Respiratory Flashcards
What is pneumonia?
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma caused by a lower respiratory tract infection
When does pneumonia often occur?
After a viral infection in the upper respiratory tract
what does the bacteria attach to in pneumonia?
disaccharide receptors on pharyngeal epithelial cells
what are the 4 methods of invasion of bacteria in pneumonia?
inhibition of IgA
pneumolysins - inhibit ciliary beating
damage of the epithelial cells by prior infection
hijacking the platelet aggregating factor receptor pathway
what are common symptoms of pneumonia?
fever
cough with purulent sputum
dyspnoea
pleuritic chest pain
what are the signs of pneumonia?
Dull percussion
crackles and bronchial breathing
cyanosis, tachypnoea
rigor
what are the causative organisms of pneumonia in children?
viruses
pneumococcus
Mycoplasma
what are the atypical causative organisms of community acquired pneumonia?
Chlamydia pneumoniae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Legionella pneumoniae
What are typical causative organisms of CAP?
Streptococcus pneumiae
haemophilus influnzae
mortadella catarrhalis
viruses
what are the causative organisms of HAP?
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Legionella pneumphila
What can cause pneumonia in immunocompromised patients?
Pneumocystis jirovecii Cytomegalovirus Adenovirus Herpes simplex Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacterial infection
What does BAAP stand for in pneumonia treatment?
Breathing - maintaining o2 sats
Antibiotics
Pain relief
Pneumococcal vaccines
what are the complications of pneumonia?
respiratory failure septic shock pleural effusion Empyema Lung abscess hypotension
what are the investigations for pneumonia?
chest x-ray sputum sample urine antigen test bloods ABG
