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CLASS 21025 TAV2 > RESPIRATORY > Flashcards

RESPIRATORY Flashcards

1
Q

COPD

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A
  1. Airflow limitation that is due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particle or gases
  2. emphysema, distension over the lungs, decreased intenssity of breath and heart sounds, wheezing, pursed lips, accessory muscles
  3. spirometry, CXR, arterial blood gas, pulmonary function tests
  4. lifestyle mod, albuterol, prednisone, LABA (Salmeterol)
  5. transfer to higher level of care
  6. MEDEVAC
  7. Asthma, bronchitis
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2
Q

ASTHMA

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A
  1. chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role
  2. dyspnea, cough w or w/o sputum, wheezing or squeaky noises, acute chest illness
  3. spirometry, CXR, arterial blood gas, and pulmonary function tests
  4. lifestyle mod, albuterol, prednisone, LABA (Salmeterol)
  5. presence of chronic cough and sputum can be used to define chronic bronchitis. Transfer to a higher level of care
  6. MEDADVICE/MEDEVAC
  7. Chronic bronchitis, emphysema
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3
Q

BRONCHITIS

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A
  1. excessive production of bronchial mucous and daily productive cough for 3 mos or more in 2 consecutive years.
  2. midline burning pain, dyspnea, fever, dry cough, hemoptysis, wheezing, rhonchi that clears with coughing, cigarette smoking.
  3. CXR
  4. tylenol, ibuprofen, benzonatate, (SABA) Albuterol, guaifenesin
  5. Pneumonia can follow
  6. ROB
  7. pneumonia, asthma
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4
Q

HEMOPTYSIS

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A
  1. expectoration of blood
  2. smoking hx, fever, cough, nasopharyngeal bleed. (evaluate for tachycardia, hypotension, decreased O2=resp distress)
  3. Hgb, Hct, WBC, CXR
  4. O2 sat, position the patient on the presumed bleeding lung, establish patent airway, treat underlying illness
  5. death, refer to a pulmonologist
  6. MEDEVAC
  7. Pneumonia, TB
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5
Q

PNEUMONIA

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A
  2. fever, hypothermia, cough w or w/o sputum, dyspnea, sweats or rigors, rales, pleurisy, myalgias, HA, dullness to percussion, bad breath
  3. CXR
  4. tylenol, benzonatate, azithromycin or doxycycline
  5. endocarditis, pericarditis, resp failure
  6. ROB
  7. bronchitis, asthma
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6
Q

ASOIRATION PNEUMONIA/LUNG ABSCESS

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A
  2. fever, weight loss, malaise, poor dentition, foul smelling purulent sputum,
  3. CXR
  4. tylenol, benzonatate, azithromycin or doxycycline
  5. endocarditis, pericarditis, resp failure
  6. MEDADVICE/MEDEVAC
  7. pneumonia, bronchitis
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7
Q

HEMOTHORAX

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A

1.

  1. decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion on affected side, tachypnea, hypoxia, hypotension, flattened neck veins
  2. CXR, U/S
  3. O2 for hypoxia, tube thoracotomy with 36 or 40 french chest tube
  4. hypovolemia
  5. MEDEVAC
  6. Pneumothorax,
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8
Q

PNEUMOTHORAX

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A
  1. abnormal collection of air within the pleural space
  2. absent or decreased breath sounds, hyper resonance to percussion on affected side. Young, tall, slender men who smoke (primary). complication of preexisting underlying disease-COPD, PNA, CF, asthma, TB (secondary). pleuritic chest pain, tachypnea/cardia, dyspnea
  3. CXR, arterial blood gas, U/S
  4. unstable-small bore tube attached to a Heimlich valve, treat symptomatically for cough and chest pain
  5. tension pneumothorax
  6. MEDEVAC
  7. Hemothorax, pna, tension pneumothorax
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9
Q

TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A
  1. increased intrapleural pressure, collapse of the lung, shift of the mediastinal contents on the opposite side
  2. tracheal deviation away from the pneumothorax with resp. distress and hypotension, tachypnea/cardia, hyper resonance, distended neck veins
  3. CXR
  4. O2, large bore
  5. pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema, rupture of the esophagus
  6. MEDEVAC
  7. Hemothorax, pneumothorax
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10
Q

PULMONARY EDEMA

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A
  2. pink frothy sputum, acute onset or worsening of dyspnea at rest, tachycardia, diaphoresis, cyanosis, rales, rhonchi, exp. wheezing, hypoxemia,
  3. CXR, echocardiography-get an EKG
  4. O2, dangle legs over edge of bed, morphine, furosemide (intubate if resp. distress).
  5. bronchospasm,
  6. MEDEVAC
    7.
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11
Q

OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A
  1. stop breathing when you sleep
  2. facial abnormalities, congestion, smokers, loud snoring, daytime fatigue
  3. STOPBANG, polysomnography
  4. CPAP, weight loss, oral appliances, upper airway surgery
  5. MVA, cardiovasc. morbidity, metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes, non alcoholic fatty liver
  6. 7.
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12
Q

PLEURITIS

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A
  1. Inflammation of the pleura
  2. acute of intermittent sharp pain in chest wall, pain worsened by coughing, sneezing, deep breathing, dyspnea, friction rub, ipsilateral shoulder pain, fever, HA
  3. CXR
    4.tylenol, NSAID, morphine
  4. atelectasis, respiratory splinting, pna
  5. MEDEVAC
    7.
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13
Q

RIB FRACTURE

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A 
1. 
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
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14
Q

PULMONARY EMBOLISM

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A
  2. Virchow’s triad: venous stasis, hypoventilation, injury to vessel wall. Acute, dyspnea, cough, anxiety, pain, hemoptysis, tachypnea/cardia, DVT signs, possible rub.
  3. Pulm. angiography, EKG (ST and T wave
    abnormalities), ABG, CXR, spiral CT, venous US.
  4. O2, Lovenox
    5.
  5. MEDEVAC
    7.
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15
Q

TUBERCULOSIS

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A
  2. fatigue, weight loss, fever, night sweat, productive cough/hemoptysis, dullness w fremitis, crackles on inspiration, finger clubbing.
  3. CXR
  4. isoniazid, rifampin
  5. death, transmission
  6. MEDEVAC
  7. pna, chronic bronchitis
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16
Q

UPPER RESPIRATORY INFECTION

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A
  2. clear rhinorrhea, hyposmia, congestion, malaise, HA, cough, sxs <4wks, “scratchy throat”
  3. none
  4. tylenol, pseudoephedrine, oxymetazoline,
  6. ROB
  7. bronchitis, pna, influenza
17
Q

PULMONARY CONTUSION

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A
  1. injury to the lungs
  2. silent during initial eval, hypoxia, dyspnea, hemoptysis, tachycardia, decreased breath sounds, crackles
  3. CXR, CT
  4. symptomatically
  6. MEDEVAC
    7.
18
Q

ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A
  1. severe airway obstruction
  2. stridorous respirations, retractions of the supraclavicular and suprasternal areas of the chest, swollen tongue, visible swelling or mass in the neck
  3. CXR, laryngoscopy
  4. remove liquids with rigid suction, foreign bodies with the heimlich, treat any underlying issues
  6. MEDADVICE/MEDEVAC
    7.

CLASS 21025 TAV2 (10 decks)

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