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CLASS 21025 TAV2 > GU > Flashcards

GU Flashcards

1
Q

HEMATAURIA

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A
  1. Blood in the urine
  2. Gross-you see it.
  3. UA, UA Culture, and BUN
    * CT scan of upper tract and cystoscopy
  4. depends on underlying cause
  5. None
  6. Refer to Urology
  7. None.
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2
Q

ACUTE CYSTITIS (UTI)

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A
  1. Infection of the bladder usually E. Coli
  2. FUD, Suprpubic discomfort, Post-coitus
    *Men: Very rare. Infected stones, prostatits, urinary retention.
  3. UA (+Pyuria, Bacteriuria, Hematuria)
    • Men: US or Cystoscopy.
  4. Cipro, Nitrofurantoin, Trimeth/Sulfameth, Phenaziopyridine. Women can take the above three prophylactically.
    *Men: depends on underlying cause
  5. Non in TG (prolly Pyelonephritis tho)
  6. Ref to uro if there’s anatomic abnormalities, urolithiasis, or recurrent cystitis
  7. Women: Vulvovaginitis, PID.
    Men: Urethritis, prostatitis.
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3
Q

PYELONEPHRITIS (UTI)

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A
  1. Infectious inflammatory disease of kidney parenchyma and renal pelvis cause by PEEP K.
  2. FUD, Fever, Flank Pain, Chills, NVD, Tachycardia, CVA tenderness
  3. CBC (High Leukocytosis and left shift),
    UA (Pyuria, Bacteriuria, Hematuria,
    WBC casts)
    *Renal US
  4. Inpatient-Ampicillin and Gentamicin
    Outpatient- Cipro, Levofloxacin,
    Phenazopyridine
  5. Sepsis and shock, abscess formation, Catheter drainage if urinary rete
  6. MEDEVAC if complicated factors (urolithiasis or obstruction), severe infections, evidence of sepsis, need for parental antibiotics, no improvement after 48hrs of oral antibiotics, need for rad, need for drainage of UT obstruction
  7. Acute cystitis, Cholecystitis
    Men: epididymitis and acute prostatitis
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4
Q

ACUTE PROSTATITIS

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A
  1. inflammation and infection of the prostate gland by E Coli and pseudomonas
  2. FUD, Perineal/Sacral/Suprapubic pain, fever, acutely, varying degrees of obstruction, warm and tnder prostate
  3. CBC (Leukocytosis and left shift)
    UA (Pyuria, Bacteriuria, Hematuria,)
    Urine Culture (offending pathogens)
    *No Imaging
  4. Inpatient-Ampicillin and Gentamicin
    Outpatient- Cipro, Nitrofurantoin, Trimeth/Sulfameth,
    Tylenol, NSAIDS.
  5. Urinary retention
  6. MEDEVAC to urology
  7. Acute pyelonephritis, acute epididymitis
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5
Q

CHRONIC BACTERIAL PROSTATITIS

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A 
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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6
Q

EPIDIDYMITIS

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A
  1. inflammation and/or infection of the Epididymis (STI or Non)
  2. Physical Strain, pain in scrotum and up spermatic cord to flank, fever, scrotal swelling, tender prostate, Phren sign
  3. CBC (Leukocytosis and left shit)
    STI (G/C)
    UA (Pyuria, bacteriuria, hematuria)
  4. STI- Cef+Doxy.
    NON-Trimeth/Sulfameth, Cipro, Levo
    Bed rest, Scrotal support, ice packs, NSAIDs
  5. Decreased fertility, abscess formation
  6. ROB, Refer to Uro
  7. Testicular torsion, Inguinal Hernia.
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7
Q

URINARY STONE

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A

1.
2. Sudden pain flank, N/V, constantly moving, colicky pain
3. UA (hematuria, pH)
*KUB, Renal U/S, Spiral CT
4. Small stones pass on their own.
Surgery for bigger ones
*Fluid ^, Sodium v, Animal Protein v
5. Obstructing stone with associated infection = MEDEVAC
6. Ref. to Uro (stone > 4wks, fever, intolerable pain, N/V, signs of infection)
7. Epididymitis, Appendicitis, Ectopic pregnancy

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8
Q

ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A 
1. organic and psychogenic etiologies
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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9
Q

BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY (BPH)

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A
  1. increased number of cells. Most common benign tumor
  2. Obstructive, Freq/Urgency/Nocturia, American Urological Association symptom Index. DRE- (smooth, firm, elastic, enlargement) Neuro and Abd exam.
  3. UA (to exclude infection or hematuria)
    PSA Prostate Specific Antigen)
    *CT or Renal US or Cystoscopy
  4. watchful waiting.
    Alpha blockers, 5-alpha-reductase
    Surgical therapy
  5. Urinary retention, Prostatitis
  6. Ref to Uro.
  7. Bladder stones, Prostate cancer
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10
Q

PROSTATE CANCER

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A

1.

  1. focal nodules or areas of induration within the prostate at time of DRE. rarely with Urinary retention, Neurological symptoms, Obstructive voiding symptoms
  2. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) >4.0ng/ml, BUN and Creatinine (kidney function), alkaline phosphatase and ca (bony metastases)
    - Transrectal ultrasonography, MRI, Bone scan
  3. As dictated by urology and oncology
  4. tumor burden and metastases and include, Urinary retention, Renal failure, Metastatic bone pain
  5. MEDEVAC
  6. Benign prostate hyperplasia, Prostatitis, Interstitial cystitis
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11
Q

Whats PEEP K

A 
Proteus
E coli
Enterobacter
Pseudomonas
Klebsiella
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12
Q

SCROTAL TRAUMA

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A 
1.
2. TTP, Scchymosis, Swelling, Laceration, Bleeding
3. CBC (Anemia)
   UA (hematuria)
   Scrotal or testicular U/S
4. Blunt and penetrating=MEDEVAC
   Lacerations and avulsions=stitches
5. infection, Testicular atrophy, Fournier's gangrene
6.  Blunt and penetrating=MEDEVAC
   Lacerations and avulsions=ROB
7.
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13
Q

FOURNIERS GANGRENE

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A
  1. Necrotizing fasciitis
  2. Tense edema, Blisters/bullae, Crepitus, Fever, Pain, Tachycardia, Hypotension
  3. CT, MRI
  4. Aggressive surgical exploration and debridement, Broad spectrum antibiotics (Ertapenem), fluids
  5. Cystostomy, Colostomy, Orchiectomy
  6. MEDEVAC
  7. none listed
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14
Q

TESTICULAR CANCER

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A 
1.
2. Painless, enlarged, heaviness
3. hCG (pos)
   *Scrotal U/S
4. Dx by inguinal orchiectomy, chemo.
5.
6. Ref. to Uro and Oncology
7. Hydrocele, Epididymo-orchitis
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15
Q

TESTICULAR TORSION

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A
  1. Testis torse (twist) on the spermatic cord, potentially producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction. after an inciting event (eg, trauma) or spontaneously
  2. Acute pain, N/V, Neg Crem Reflex, Bell Clapper
  3. UA (R/O Infection)
    • None
  4. Manual detorsion, surgery last resort.
  5. Orchiectomy, atrophy, Infertility
  6. MEDEVAC
  7. Epididymitis, Incarcerated hernia
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16
Q

PENILE TRAUMA

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A 
1.
2.
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4.
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6.
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17
Q

PHIMOSIS

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A 
1. Fibrous constriction of the foreskin preventing retraction
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
18
Q

PARAPHIMOSIS

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A 
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19
Q

RENAL FAILURE

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A 
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20
Q

HYPONATREMIA

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A 
1. Serum sodium concentration less than 135 mEq/L. Usually reflects excess water -retention relative to sodium rather than sodium -
deficiency
2.
3.
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6.
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21
Q

HYPERNATREMIA

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A 
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22
Q

HYPOKALEMIA

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A 
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23
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HYPERKALEMIA

  1. Definition
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  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A 
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24
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25
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26
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27
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28
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29
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30
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31
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32
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33
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34
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35
Q

VARICOCELE

  1. Definition
  2. Hallmarks
  3. Labs/Imaging
  4. Treatments
  5. Complications
  6. Dispo/Ref
  7. Differentials
A 
1.dilation of the pampiniform plexus of spermatic veins and is generally
left sided
2.asymptomatic-mild pain mass; mass is separate from testis; "bag of worms," Size increased by Valsalva maneuver.
3.Ultrasound
4.
5.
6.referred to an Urologist.
7.Spermatocele (epididymitis)

CLASS 21025 TAV2 (10 decks)

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