Respiratory

Question 1

How many lobes are in the respiratory system?

Answer 1

There are five lobes - the left lung has two (upper and lower) - superior and inferior
-the right lung has three (upper, middle and lower)

Question 2

Across the Lifespan (Infants and Children)

Answer 2

5 weeks gestation - primitive lung bud emerges
16 weeks conducting airways reach the same number as in the adult
32 weeks gestation surfactant is present in adequate amounts (lipid substance needed for sustained inflation of air sacs - surfactant prevents alveoli from sticking together
Development continues childhood and adolescence

Question 3

Across the Lifespan (the Pregnant Woman)

Answer 3

40% increase in tidal volume
Physiologic dyspnea - an increased awareness of the need to breathe
Natural shifting and compensation that occurs to make room for the growing fetus
The growing baby increases the oxygen demand on the mother’s body so compensation happens with increased tidal volume

Question 4

Across the Lifespan (the Aging Adult)

Answer 4

After 50 years of age, respiratory muscle strength declines and the thorax is less mobile
The aged lung is more rigid and is harder to inflate because of a decrease in elasticity
Increased risk for pulmonary problems and dyspnea

Question 5

Cough

Answer 5

sputum, indicative of COPD or tuberculosis, assess sputum

Question 6

Shortness of breath

Answer 6

Indicative of a lot of different diseases and disorders but maybe pneumonia or pleural effusion

Question 7

Chest pain

Answer 7

While breathing the cardiovascular and pulmonary system are closely linked so assessing for cardiac symptoms as well

Question 8

Wheezes

Answer 8

asthma

Question 9

Crackles

Answer 9

heart failure

Question 10

Dyspnea

Answer 10

difficulty breathing, shortness of breath

Question 11

Orthopnea

Answer 11

difficulty breathing when supine

Question 12

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Answer 12

awakening from sleep wit SOB

Question 13

Diagnostic Studies

Answer 13

Chest x ray

Question 14

Nursing Interventions

Answer 14

ABCs of Nursing-Prioritization
Oxygen therapy
Meditation therapy
Elevate head of bead
Monitor O2 Saturation
Encourage pursed lip breathing
Coughing and deep breathing
Incentive spirometry

Question 15

Oxygen Therapy Nasal Cannula

Answer 15

Low concentration of oxygen
Humidity applied after 4 L
1-6 L/min
Most commonly used
Prongs are curved, point toward brain
24-44% oxygen

Question 16

Oxygen Therapy High Flow Nasal Cannula

Answer 16

Up to 60 L/min

Humidity becomes very important

Question 17

Oxygen Therapy Simple Face Mask

Answer 17

6-12 L/min

Question 18

Oxygen Therapy Non - rebreather mask

Answer 18

10-15 L/min