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BHP Exam 3 > Respiratory 1 (USE THIS LATEST EDITION!) > Flashcards

Respiratory 1 (USE THIS LATEST EDITION!) Flashcards

1
Q

chronic hypoxemia

A
  1. pulmonary hypertension
  2. Right ventricular hypertrophy
  3. Polycythemia
  4. Hypercapnia
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2
Q

polycythemia

A

increase in hemoglobin

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3
Q

hypercapnia

A

increase in Co2

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4
Q

Atelectasis

A

partial or complete collapse of the lung

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5
Q

what causes atelectasis?

A

compression of the lung when fluid or air accumulates in the pleural cavity

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6
Q

What does atelectasis result in

A

resorption, compression, contraction

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7
Q

pulmonary hypertension results in

A

increased work, right heart failure (cor pulmonale), occlusion of lumen of pulmonary arteries

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8
Q

large pulmonary emboli lead to

A

right heart failure and death

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9
Q

pulmonary emboli arise in… and pass through

A

deep leg veins, venous circulation to heart and pulmonary arteries

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10
Q

in a clinical setting, pulmonary emboli is marked by

A

venous stasis= CHF, prolonged bed rest or sitting

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11
Q

liver cirrhosis and pulmonary emboli lead to

A

thrombo-emboli

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12
Q

pulmonary emboli can be caused by

A

cancer, fractures, childbirth, foreign material

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13
Q

what causes pulmonary edema

A

left ventricular heart failure

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14
Q

2 wats Pneumonia spreads

A 
air space spread (bacteria)
interstitial spread (viral)
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15
Q

pneumonia classification (SIACH pneumonic)

A 
1 Community acquired
2 Hospital acquired (nosocomial)
3 acquired in Special environments
4 Immunosuppressed
5 Aspiration
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16
Q

Bronchopneumonia

A

acute bacterial pneumonia on bronchi, spread to adjacent alveoli

  • filled with exudate
  • affected areas consolidate
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17
Q

Lung of bronchopneumonia looks

A

firm, airless, dark red or gray

FADrg pneumonic

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18
Q

Where is pus formed in bronchopneumonia?

A

peripheral bronchi

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19
Q

lobar pneumonia

A

microorganisms colonize distal alveolar air spaces, not bronchi; rapid spread to alveolar air spaces and bronchioles lead to acute inflammatory exudate limited by pulmonary fissures

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20
Q

2 organisms of lobar pneumonia?

A

strep. pneumoniae and klebsiella

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21
Q

appearance of lobar pneumonia?

A

consolidated and airless

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22
Q

Can ppl with lobar pneumonia recover with normal structure and fxn?

A

YES!

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23
Q

Community acquired pneumonia is what percent strep. pneumoniae

A

33%

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24
Q

How do you diagnose hospital acquired pneumonia?

A

bronchial lavage with expectorated sputum; infection 2+days after hospitalization; incidence is 5% of admitted

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25
Q

What is the most lethal form of viral interstitial pneumonitis?

A

influenza

26
Q

Staph aureus of viral interstitial pneumonitis leads to

A

STAPH AUREUS SUPER INFECTION

27
Q

What kind of pneumonia is in the immunosuppressed?

A

fungal pneumonia

28
Q

Examples of fungal pneumonia organisms

A

CAP

candida, aspergillus, pneumocystic jirovecii(alveoli filled with fine, foamlike material)

29
Q

What type of pneumonia spreads through alveoli to involve whole lobes?

A

lobar type

30
Q

What kind of pneumonia is spread from tracheobronchial infection?

A

bronchopneumonia

31
Q

atypical pneumonia causes

A

interstitial inflammation

32
Q

different organisms that cause community acquired pneumonia . most common is

A

strep pneumonia

33
Q

most hospital acquired cases of pneumonia are due to

A

gram neg organisms

34
Q

specific environmental exposure associated with..

A

legionnaire disease and fungal pneumonias

35
Q

what pneumonia results in both chemical and infective damage to lungs

A

aspiration pneumonia

36
Q

opportunistic mycobacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa are most often in

A

immunosupresssed

37
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

permanent abnormal dilation of bronchial tree due to chronic infection with inflammation and necrosis of bronchial wall

38
Q

Symptoms of Bronchiectasis

A

recurrent cough + hemoptysis, purulent sputum

39
Q

Airway of bronchiectasis is how many times larger?

A

5-6x

40
Q

What causes a bacterial lung abcess

A

bronchiectasis

41
Q

Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases

A

Asthma (narrowing)
emphysema (loss of elastic recoil)
chronic bronchitis (narrowing)

42
Q

Astma Extrinsic Type (immune, atopic) mediated by

A

type 1 hypersensitivity, response with IgE on mast cells

43
Q

sputum of asthma extrinsic type

A

charcot-leyden crystals and curshmann spirals

44
Q

emphysema

A

permanent dilation of any part of the respiratory acinus; weakened and collapsed air sacs with excess mucus; can lead to pneumothorax

45
Q

What is the pink puffer (pink complexion) associated with?

A

emphysema

46
Q

Exhalation becomes active; increased anteriorposterior diameter of the chest (barrel chest); increased total vital capacity occurs in

A

emphysema

47
Q

Emphysema and proteases

A

there is an imbalance b/w proteases and their inhibitors

48
Q

smoking and emphysema

A

smoking increases release of protease (elastase) from neutrophils and macrophages; inactivates alpha antitrypsin which destroys the alveolar wall

49
Q

congenital emphysema

A

lack of protease inhibitors

50
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

airway obstruction due to luminal narrowing +mucus plugging

51
Q

What causes airway narrowing?

A

chronic bronchitis and asthma

52
Q

What causes loss of recoil in the lungs

A

emphysema

53
Q

What is a chronic inflammatory response in airways, leading to reversible airways obstruction?

A

asthma

54
Q

muscle spasms, mucous plugging, and mucosal edema cause

A

airway obstruction

55
Q

generalized emphysema is

A

permanent dilation of the respiratory acinus with destruction of tissue in the absence of scarring

56
Q

emphysema is caused by

A

unregulated extracellular protease (secreted from inflammatory cells) activity

57
Q

2 patterns of generalized edema

A

centrilobular and panacinar

58
Q

airways show mucus hyper secretion with gland hyperplasia in

A

chronic bronchitis

59
Q

many patines with chronic bronchitis also have

A

asthma and emphysema components

60
Q

pulmonary hypertension and right sided heart failure are common in patients with

A

COPD

BHP Exam 3 (7 decks)

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