respiration (not full) Flashcards
what is respration?
Respiration is a chemical reaction carried out in all living organisms
what happens during cellular processes?
During the process of cellular respiration, glucose is broken down and several molecules of ATP are produced
The energy required by organisms is released via these ATP molecules
what happens when atp is broken down?
ATP can be broken down to release energy for living processes to occur within cells and organisms
what processes might require energy from atp?
Processes requiring energy from ATP might include:
Chemical reactions to build larger molecules from smaller molecules
Muscle contraction to allow movement
Keeping warm (to maintain a constant temperature suitable for enzyme activity)
what is the equation for respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O (glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water)
what does Atp do?
provides energy for the cells
how does the process of respiration produce ATP in living organisms?
During aerobic cellular respiration, glucose reacts with oxygen, forming ATP that can be used by the cell. Carbon dioxide and water are created as byproducts.
what is the differenc ebtween aerobisc and anaerobic equation?
Respiration is a chemical reaction which occurs in all living cells, releasing energy from glucose. Aerobic respiration occurs with oxygen and releases more energy but more slowly. Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and releases less energy but more quickly.
what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants?
Glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy (2 ATP)
what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals?
Glucose → lactic acid (+ energy).
- Practical Investigate the evolution of carbon dioxide from respiring seeds or other suitable living organisms
Apparatus
Boiling tubes
Rubber bungs
Hydrogen carbonate indicator solution
Cotton wool
Glass beads
Germinating seeds
Boiled/dead seeds
Method
Measure out 10 cm3 of hydrogencarbonate indicator into 3 boiling tubes
Put in a layer of cotton wool
Place 10 germinating seeds in tube A
Place 10 boiled/dead seeds in tube B
Place 10 glass beads in tube C
Seal each tube with a rubber bung
After 3 hours, observe the colour of the indicator
(Hydrogencarbonate indicator is orange in atmospheric CO2 levels
In high CO2 levels the indicator absorbs the CO2 and becomes yellow
In low CO2 levels it loses CO2 and becomes purple)
Results
In this investigation, we would expect to note the following
Tube A should turn yellow as the seeds are respiring and producing carbon dioxide
Tube B should remain orange as the dead seeds produce no carbon dioxide
Tube C should remain orange as there is no living material in there
what is hydrogen carbonate indicator?
Hydrogencarbonate indicator is orange in atmospheric CO2 levels
In high CO2 levels the indicator absorbs the CO2 and becomes yellow
In low CO2 levels it loses CO2 and becomes purple
describe the Practical to Investigate the evolution of heat from respiring seeds or other suitable living organisms
Apparatus
Vacuum Flasks
Thermometer
Cotton wool
Germinating seeds
Dead/boiled seeds
Method
Set up the flasks as shown in the diagram
Flask A with the dead seeds
Flask B with the germinating seeds
Make sure the cotton wool is plugging the top of each flask
Hold the thermometer in place with the cotton wool
Invert the flask
Record the initial temperature
After 4 days, record the final temperature
Results
The thermometer in the flask with the germinating seeds (Flask B) should show an increase in temperature
Flask A should remain at room temperature
This is because the seeds in flask B are respiring and producing heat energy in the process
This shows that respiration is an exothermic reaction
The seeds in flask A are not respiring because they are dead, so the temperature remains the same
