Respiration In Humans

Question 1

What are the 2 types of respiration?

Answer 1

• aerobic
• anaerobic

Question 2

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 2

• the breakdown of food substances in the presence of oxygen with the release of a large amount of energy

Question 3

What are the waste products of aerobic respiration?

Answer 3

• carbon dioxide
• water

Question 4

Why do complex organisms respire aerobically?

Answer 4

• they need large amounts of energy to survive

Question 5

What are some examples of energy-consuming processes in organisms?

Answer 5

• synthesis of new protoplasm for growth of repair
• synthesis of proteins from amino acids
• active transport in absorption of food substances by the small intestine
• muscular contractions such as heartbeats and respiratory movements
• transmission of nerve impulses
• cell division

Question 6

What is some energy released as during respiration?

Answer 6

• heat

Question 7

What does the heat released during respiration do for the body?

Answer 7

• circulated by the blood around the body to keep the person warm

Question 8

What is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 8

• breakdown of food substances in the absence of oxygen

Question 9

What is the difference in the energy released by aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Answer 9

• less energy released by anaerobic respiration than aerobic respiration

Question 10

What organisms mainly use anaerobic respiration?

Answer 10

• microorganisms that live in areas where there is little to no oxygen

Question 11

What happens to muscle cells at first during vigorous muscular contractions?

Answer 11

• they first respire aerobically

Question 12

Why do we pant after vigorous activity?

Answer 12

• to remove carbon dioxide
• take in oxygen at a faster rate

Question 13

Why does the heart beat faster during vigorous activity?

Answer 13

• oxygen can be transported to the muscles at a faster rate

Question 14

What happens when muscular contractions are too vigorous?

Answer 14

• maximum aerobic respiration is unable to release energy fast enough to meet the demand

Question 15

What happens if the vigorous muscular contractions continue?

Answer 15

• extra energy has to be released

Question 16

How do muscle cells release extra energy?

Answer 16

• they carry out anaerobic respiration

Question 17

What is formed when muscle cells carry out anaerobic respiration?

Answer 17

• lactic acid

Question 18

What happens when there is insufficient oxygen to meet the demands of the vigorous muscular contractions?

Answer 18

• the muscles incur oxygen debt

Question 19

What happens after the muscles experience oxygen debt?

Answer 19

• the body experiences fatigue and muscular pains

Question 20

Why is it that even during the period of rest, the breathing rate continues to be fast?

Answer 20

• to provide sufficient oxygen to muscle cells

Question 21

What happens to the lactic acid in the muscles?

Answer 21

• it is gradually removed from the muscles

Question 22

Where is the lactic acid transported to after it is removed from the muscles?

Answer 22

• the liver

Question 23

What happens to lactic acid in the liver?

Answer 23

• it’s oxidised to release energy

Question 24

Why is the lactic acid oxidised?

Answer 24

• to release energy

Question 25

What is the energy released from the lactic acid oxidising used for?

Answer 25

- converting remaining lactic acid to glucose

Question 26

What happens when all the lactic acid has been converted?

Answer 26

- oxygen debt is repaid

Question 27

What are the parts of the human respiratory system?

Answer 27

- nasal passage - oral cavity - pharnyx - larnyx - trachea - bronchi - lungs - heart - ribs

Question 28

What happens in the nose?

Answer 28

- air enters the body through 2 external nostrils

Question 29

What are the features of the nose?

Answer 29

- walls of the nostril bear a fringe of hair - nasal passages lined with moist mucous membrane

Question 30

What are some advantages of breathing through the nose?

Answer 30

- dust and foreign particles, including bacteria in the air, are trapped by the hairs in the nostrils as well as by mucus on the mucous membrane - air is moistened and warmed as it passes through the nasal passages - harmful chemicals may be detected by the small sensory cells in the mucous membrane