Respiration And Gas Exchange Flashcards
What is respiration
The process of transferring energy from glucose to make ATP used for cell processes
Aerobic respiration equation
glucose + oxygen-> carbon dioxide + water + energy
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H20 + ATP
What is anaerobic respiration
Respiration without oxygen, releases less energy per glucose molecule, lactic acid builds up and leads to cramp
Anaerobic equation
Glucose-> lactic acids (+energy)
Anaerobic respiration in plants
They produce ethanol nd CO2 instead of lactic acid
Glucose-> ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy
Gas exchange in flowering plants
They release o2 (waste product) from the stomata by diffusion(higher concentration to lower concentration)
How are leaves adapted for efficient gas exchange
There are Broad so there’s a larger surface area for diffusion
They are thin so gases can travel a short distance
There are air spaces- lets oxygen and carbon dioxide mover easily in between cells and increased surface area
Lower surfscve has a stomata- lets oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse in and out
How do stomata work
They close as it gets dark-CO2 isn’t let in so photosynthesis doesnt happen
They close when supplies off water from the root dry up- stops bad photosynthesis
The opening and closing is controlled by guard Cells
How does breathing in work
Intercostales muscles and diaphragm contract
Thorax volume increases
Decreases pressure, drawing air in
Thorax structures
Trachea-> bronchi->lungs->brtonchioles->alveoli
How do I alveoli carry out gas exchange
Blood passing next to alveoli returns to lungs with little oxygen and more CO2
Oxyge diffuses out of alevoli to blood (high concentration to low concentration)
When blood reaches body, oxygen is released from red blood cells and diffuses to body cels (high to low)
CO2 diffuses our of ther body cell into the blood and is carried back to the lungs
How are alveoli adapted for gas exchange
Lots of alveoli-> large surface area
Moist lining for gases to dissolve in
Thin 1 cell thick walls- short diffusion distance
Good blood supply to maintain high concentration grasdfient
Walls ar pereabe s gases csn diffuse across quickly
Investing respiration
- use hydrogen carbonate indicator to show that living organisms produce CO2 as they respore
-changes from orange to yellow in carbon dioxide
-soak beans in water to let them germinate, as they will respire
-boil dried beans so thry won’t respire
Put equal hydrogen indicate in two test tubes
-seal test tubes
-leave the tubes for a set period of time
-CO2 will be produced and turn it yellow
Why can smoking cause problems
It damages the walls inside the alveoli reducing surface area for gas exchange
In tar it damages the cilia in lungs and trachea, causing chest infections likelihood
Irritates the bronchi and bronchioles
Carbon monoxide reduces amount of oxygen that can be carried
heart rate increases, increase in blood pressure. High blood pressure damages artery walls, blood clots more likely to develop
Increases risk of cancer, coronary heart disease, chest infections
Breathing out
Intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax
Thorax volume decreases
Air is force out
Disapgramcmoves up
Ribcage drop in and down
