Respiration Flashcards
end of oxidative phosphorylation
H+ and e- accepted by terminal acceptor Oxygen to form water
energy not transferred to ATP
lost as heat
ATP = immediate energy source
released in small quantities
available rapidly
anaerobic respiration NADH
NADH oxidised to NAD
H+ donated to pyruvate
GLYCOLYSIS in cytoplasm
6C glucose phosphorylated with 2 ATPS
= 2 x TP
2 x TP oxidised
= 2 x 3C Pyruvate
net gain; 2ATP 2NADH
LINK REACTION in mitochondrial matrix
3C pyruvate –> 2C acetate
….also releases CO2 + H+….. reduced NAD
(pyruvate = oxidised and decarobxylated)
2C acetate combines with enzy,e = acetyl coenzyme A
(addition of enzyme)
x2 for glucose SO net gain; 2 ACoEA 2 CO2 2 NADH
KREBS CYCLE in mitochondrial matrix
2C ACoEA + 4C oxaloacetate –> 6C citrate
(releases enzyme again for link reaction)
oxoloacetate regen….
citrate decarboxylation + dehydrogenisation x2
x2 for glucose SO net gain; 4CO2 6 NADH 2 ATP 2 FADH
OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION in intermitochondrial membrane/cristae
1 FADH : 2 ATP
1 NADH : 3 ATP
FADH, NADH deliver e- to proteins in e.t.c.
redox reaction when passes
ENERGY RELEASED… pump H+ into membrane
p r o t o n g r a d i e n t
H+ diffuse down gradient back into matrix
via ATP synthase
….releases energy to convert ADP + Pi –> ATP
oxygen = terminal acceptor —> H2O
O2 + 4E(-) + 4H(+) –> 2H2O
why respiration needed
- Muscle contraction
- Maintaining a constant body temperature
- Active transport
- DNA replication
- Cell division
- Protein synthesis
differences between aerobic and anaerobic
- Aerobic uses oxygen, anaerobic doesn’t
- Aerobic has 4 stages, anaerobic just has glycolysis
- Aerobic produces CO2 and H2O, anaerobic produced lactic acid (animals) and ethanol (yeast)
standard deviation advantages
SD is spread of data around the mean
SD reduces the effect of anomalies
SD can be used to determine if difference in results is significant. not significant/ due to chance/
more ATP in aerobic than anaerobic
only glycolysis occurs in anaerobic respiration
oxygen is needed as an terminal electron acceptor in oxidative phosphorylation in aerobic respiration
oxygen also needed for krebs cycle and link reaction
faulty mitochondria
less aerobic respiration producing ATP
ATP supplied by increase in anaerobic respiration
more lactate produced SO fatigued
inner membrane of a mitochondrion in producing ATP.
electrons transferred down electron transport chain
provide energy to take protons into membranes
protons pass back into matrix, through ATPase
energy used to combine ADP and phosphate to produce ATP
mitochondria in muscles = many cristae
large sa for oxidative phosphorylation
to provide atp for contractions
