Nervous Coordination

Question 1

nervous system

Answer 1

co-ordinates response to specific stimuli

-fast, localised

Question 2

reflex arc

Answer 2

rapid response and instinctive

receptor detects stimulus → sensory neuron → relay neuron in CNS coordinates response → motor neuron
→ response by effector

Question 3

when electrical impulse reaches end of neurone

Answer 3

neurotransmitters secreted

Question 4

autonomic nervous system

Answer 4

controls involuntary actions of glands and muscles
split into
sympathetic - stimulates effectors
parasympathetic - inhibits effectors

Question 5

motor neurone

Answer 5

—————————-> direction of impulse
denrites = branched spikes
cell body = soma - star shape - nucleus inside
axon

Question 6

myelinated neurone

Answer 6

schwan cells - wrapped around axon
myelin sheath - myelin-rich membranes of SCH cells
nodes of ranvier - gaps between SCH cells with no myelin sheath

Question 7

myelinated faster than unmyelinated

Answer 7

nodes of ranvier are the only depolarised areas
saltattory conduction where impulse jump
non myelinated = ap travels whole length

Question 8

probabilty

Answer 8

less than X%?

significant difference so low probability of difference by chance

Question 9

conclusion

Answer 9

control vs group …. higher or lower
significant difference to due to overlap
other factors cause X
sample size

Question 10

graph

Answer 10

resting potential -70mv
depolarisation reaches action potential +35/40 mv
repolarisation reaches hyperpolarisation/refractory period -90mv

Question 11

depolarisation

Answer 11

Na+ channels open and Na+ diffuse in

K+ closed - more positive inside axon

Question 12

repolarisation

Answer 12

K+ open - move out of axon
Na+ close
inside gets more negative

Question 13

hyperpolarisation

Answer 13

K+ channels are open so its too negative inside

so channels close

Question 14

resting potential

Answer 14

no voltage gated channels are open
Na+/K+ pump actively transports Na+ ions out against gradient
more permeable to K+
little Na+ diffusion into axon
restores ion balance after a.p.

Question 15

fewer ap’s along myelinated

Answer 15

ions only pass through the nodes

Question 16

different channels

Answer 16

protein channels = specific tertiary structure
ions are different in size
MANY k+ compared to Na+

Question 17

channels open and closed

Answer 17

RP - both closed
depolarisation - Na+ open K+ close
repolarisation - Na+ close K+ open

Question 18

higher temp

Answer 18

faster diffusion of ions

Question 19

if acetylcholin enzyme inhibited

Answer 19

acetylcholine not broken
Na+ continue to enter so continued depolarisation
muscles stay contracted

Question 20

refractory period

Answer 20

max freq of aps - no further increase in information

leads to separate nerve impulses

Question 21

if neurotransmitter not broken down and returned

Answer 21

keeps binding to receptor

continued depolarisation

Question 22

calcium in synaptic transmission

Answer 22

Ca+ channels open and diffuse in
vesicles fuse with membrane and release NTMS
NTMS diffuse across synapse
post synaptic neurone depolarises