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biology > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

What does Respiration mean?

A

Respiration involves chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy.

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2
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

The energy supplied by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen

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3
Q

Where does respiration take place?

A

Mitochondria.

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4
Q

What type of reaction is respiration?

A

Exothermic reaction as it releases energy.

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5
Q

What is the word equation for areobic respiration?

A

Glucose+oxygen–>Carbon dioxide+water

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6
Q

Why does aerobic respiration release a great amount of energy?

A

Because the glucose molecule has been fully oxidised.

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7
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

anaerobic respiration does not need oxygen. It is the release of a relatively small amount of energy in cells.

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8
Q

Why is the energy in anaerobic respiration low?

A

Because the glucose molecule has not been fully broken down yet meaning that it transfers much less energy.

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9
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

A

glucose–>latic acid + energy

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10
Q

Where else can anaerobic respiration take place?

A

It can also take place in plant and yeast cells.

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11
Q

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast?

A

Glucose–> ethanol+carbon dioxide

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12
Q

What is the chemical formulae for ethanol?

A

C2H5OH

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13
Q

What is anaerobic respiration in yeast called?

A

Fermentation

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14
Q

How is fermentation to make beer or alcoholic drinks?

A

The alcohol contains ethanol which is produced by fermentation.

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15
Q

How is fermentation used to make bread?

A

This is because the carbon dioxide produced creates bubbles in the dough causing it to rise.

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16
Q

What happens to our body during exercise?

A

The body needs a great deal of energy for muscle contraction.

17
Q

How does our body provide more oxygen during exercise?

A

Our heart rate, breathing rate and breath volume all increase. We breathe more frequently and take deeper breaths.

18
Q

What respiration do we use during heavy exercise?

A

Anaerobic respiration.

19
Q

What does the use of anaerobic respiration cause?

A

Lactic acid build-up and oxygen debt.

20
Q

What does lactic acid do to our muscles?

A

It causes them to hurt and stops them from contracting efficiently.

21
Q

What happens after exercise?

A

We still are out of breath as the oxygen debt is being repaid.

22
Q

What happens to the latic acid in our body?

A

Blood flowing through the muscle transports the lactic acid to the liver where it is broken down.

23
Q

What is the oxygen debt?

A

It is the amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the lactic acid and remove it from the cells.

biology (6 decks)

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