Respiration (9.4 and 9.5)

Question 1

Name the two things Aerobic respiration uses?

Answer 1

Glucose and oxygen

Question 2

Where does Aerobic respiration take place?

Answer 2

In the mitochondria

Question 3

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 3

Glucose + oxygen (creates) carbon dioxide + water

Question 4

What does anaerobic respiration brake down?

Answer 4

Food molecules

Question 5

What is then released after the anaerobic respiration has broken down the molecules?

Answer 5

Chemical energy (in the absence of oxygen)

Question 6

What is created by anaerobic respiration?

Answer 6

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Question 7

When does anaerobic respiration occur?

Answer 7

When oxygen is in short supply

Question 8

Name the two disadvantages of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 8

• causes cramp ( build up of lactic acid in the bloodstream which leads to cramp)
• you need to oxidise the lactic acid using more oxygen this builds up oxygen debt.

Question 9

In animals what respires when the don’t have enough oxygen?

Answer 9

The muscles

Question 10

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration (for animals)?

Answer 10

Glucose (creates) lactic acid + (little) energy

Question 11

What is the chemical equation for Aerobic respiration?

Answer 11

C6H12O6 + 6O2 (equals) 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 12

What is the process called when there is not enough oxygen in plants?

Answer 12

Fermentation

Question 13

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration (in plants)?

Answer 13

Glucose (Creates) Ethanol + carbon dioxide + (little) energy

Question 14

Is ATP present in all living things (true or false)?

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What can ATP be broken down into?

Answer 15

ADP (two phosphates it releases energy the cells can use)

Question 16

What is ATP used for?

Answer 16

• contraction of muscle cells (producing movement)
• Active transport of molecules and ions.
• building large molecules, such as proteins.
• cell division

Question 17

What is the definition of diffusion?

Answer 17

It is the net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. (e.g oxygen concentration is higher in the leaf so it diffuses out.)

Question 18

How is the waxy cuticle adapted?

Answer 18

The layers on top of the leaf reduce water loss by evaporation and prevents entry of pathogens.

Question 19

How is the stomata and guard cells adapted?

Answer 19

Guard cells can change shape (open and close the stomata.) Allows different volumes of gases into and out of the leaf (depending on environmental conditions.)

Question 20

How is the palisade mesophyll cells adapted?

Answer 20

Long narrow cells with lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis. The upper epidermis is thin and relatively transparent (lots of light can get to this layer.)