11.1 And 11.2 Food Production And Cycles Flashcards
What is food security
The state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food
What factors affect crop growth
-soil quality
-weather
-soil pH
How do glasshouse or poly tunnels help photosynthesis
-keeping plants enclosed keeps them free of pests and diseases
-helps farmer control water supplies to them
-allows commercial farmers to use artificial light
-trap the sun’s heat to keep the plants warm. In winter a heater may be used
-farmers can increase the level of CO2 in the greenhouse. e.g. using a paraffin heater
- controls water supply.
OVERALL: BY INCREASING TEMPERATURE, CO2 AVAILABLE AND LIGHT AVAILABLE FARMERS CAN INCREASE THE RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS MEANING PLANTS WULL GROW LARGER AND FASTER
What 4 nutrients do plants need
-nitrates
-phosphates
-potassium
-magnesium
What are nitrates used for in plants
To make amino acids which then turn into proteins and DNA
What are phosphates used for in plants
DNA and cell membranes
What is potassium used for in plants
To activate enzymes and helps in respiration and photosynthesis
What causes soil mineral quality to fall
Removing crops - the nitrogen in their protein is lost from the ecosystem
What are organic fertilisers made from
Faeces of farm animals mixed with straw
What are the advantages of organic fertilisers
-recycling something they already have
-natural
-doesn’t impact ecosystem
-cheaper
What are the disadvantages of organic fertilisers
-limited amount
-smells
-hard to know and control mineral concentration
What are inorganic fertilisers
Inorganic compounds, such as potassium nitrate or ammonium nitrate, specially formulated to contain a specific amount of nitrates/other ion.
What are the advantages of inorganic fertilisers
-can control concentration
-can add to field at any stage of plant growth
What are the disadvantages of inorganic fertilisers
-expensive
What do legume crops do
They convert nitrogen gas in the air trapped in the soil into ammonium ions
What’s an example of a legume crop
Clover
How often do farmers have a fallow year
One in every 4 years
What do legume crops have
They have nitrogen-fixing bacteria in nodules in their roots