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Biology > 11.1 And 11.2 Food Production And Cycles > Flashcards

11.1 And 11.2 Food Production And Cycles Flashcards

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1
Q

What is food security

A

The state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food

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2
Q

What factors affect crop growth

A

-soil quality
-weather
-soil pH

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3
Q

How do glasshouse or poly tunnels help photosynthesis

A

-keeping plants enclosed keeps them free of pests and diseases
-helps farmer control water supplies to them
-allows commercial farmers to use artificial light
-trap the sun’s heat to keep the plants warm. In winter a heater may be used
-farmers can increase the level of CO2 in the greenhouse. e.g. using a paraffin heater
- controls water supply.
OVERALL: BY INCREASING TEMPERATURE, CO2 AVAILABLE AND LIGHT AVAILABLE FARMERS CAN INCREASE THE RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS MEANING PLANTS WULL GROW LARGER AND FASTER

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4
Q

What 4 nutrients do plants need

A

-nitrates
-phosphates
-potassium
-magnesium

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5
Q

What are nitrates used for in plants

A

To make amino acids which then turn into proteins and DNA

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6
Q

What are phosphates used for in plants

A

DNA and cell membranes

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7
Q

What is potassium used for in plants

A

To activate enzymes and helps in respiration and photosynthesis

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8
Q

What causes soil mineral quality to fall

A

Removing crops - the nitrogen in their protein is lost from the ecosystem

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9
Q

What are organic fertilisers made from

A

Faeces of farm animals mixed with straw

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10
Q

What are the advantages of organic fertilisers

A

-recycling something they already have
-natural
-doesn’t impact ecosystem
-cheaper

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11
Q

What are the disadvantages of organic fertilisers

A

-limited amount
-smells
-hard to know and control mineral concentration

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12
Q

What are inorganic fertilisers

A

Inorganic compounds, such as potassium nitrate or ammonium nitrate, specially formulated to contain a specific amount of nitrates/other ion.

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13
Q

What are the advantages of inorganic fertilisers

A

-can control concentration
-can add to field at any stage of plant growth

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14
Q

What are the disadvantages of inorganic fertilisers

A

-expensive

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15
Q

What do legume crops do

A

They convert nitrogen gas in the air trapped in the soil into ammonium ions

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16
Q

What’s an example of a legume crop

A

Clover

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17
Q

How often do farmers have a fallow year

A

One in every 4 years

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18
Q

What do legume crops have

A

They have nitrogen-fixing bacteria in nodules in their roots

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19
Q

What do decomposers do

A

Turn the nitrogen in the plant proteins to ammonia

20
Q

What does nitrifying bacteria do

A

Oxidise nitrate ions in the soil

21
Q

What do nitrogen-fixing bacteria do

A

Turn nitrogen in the air into nitrates in the soil

22
Q

What are the advantages of a legume crop and a fallow year

A

-better crops next year
-cheap
-good for pollinators

23
Q

What are the disadvantages of a legume crop and fallow year

A

-don’t earn money

24
Q

What can be classified as a pest

A

-plants
-animals
-bacteria
-fungi
-protoctists
-viruses

25
Q

How can you reduce the impact of pests

A

PESTICIDES:
-herbicides - weeds
-insecticides - insects
-fungicides - fungi
-molluscicides - molluscs e.g. slugs and snails

26
Q

What are the problems with pesticides

A

-slow to decompose
-build up in tissues of organism higher up in the food chain - bioaccumulation
-become more concentrated higher up food chain - biomagnification
-they kill other species e.g. bees

27
Q

What makes an ideal pesticide

A

-species specific
-biodegradable
-does not cause bioaccumulation
-safe to transport
easy to apply

28
Q

What are the 5 pesticide methods

A

-introducing a herbivore e.g. mosquitoes
-introducing a pathogenic microorganism e.g. diseases
-use pheromones e.g. sec hormones are destroyed to reduce reproduction
-introducing a natural predator e.g. ladybirds
-introducing sterile males - mate with females but can’t reproduce

29
Q

What is aqua culture

A

Farming fish in a farm with nets

30
Q

Why is aqua culture efficient

A

It produces a lot of fish in a relatively small space

31
Q

Is aqua culture sustainable

A

YES

32
Q

What does a water pump do

A

Measure oxygen levels to make sure fish don’t die

33
Q

What do pesticides do

A

Kills any pests

34
Q

What does a thermometer do

A

Measures temperature

35
Q

What does a heater do

A

Warms the water

36
Q

What does chlorophyll control do

A

Controls chlorophyll to makes sure algae doesn’t kill the fish

37
Q

What do filtration units do

A

Make water clean and remove fish waste

38
Q

What do antibiotics do

A

Kill any bacterial diseases

39
Q

What does a selective breeder do

A

Allows farmers to choose which fish to breed. New fish will be too quality

40
Q

What does a feeder do

A

Drops food at certain points to help fish grow

41
Q

How is carbon released

A

-respiration
-combustion
-farming
-volcanoes

42
Q

How is carbon removed

A

-photosynthesis sedimentation

43
Q

How is carbon transferred

A

-decomposition
-eating

44
Q

Why is nitrogen important

A

To make protease e.g. DNA

45
Q

Why do plants need nitrates from the soil

A

Because the nitrogen in the air is too unreative

Biology (2 decks)

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