Respiration Flashcards
what is catabolic pathway
it involves the breakdown of molecules to release energy.
what is anabolic pathway
Anabolic pathways involve the creation of molecules to create more complex molecules
what plays a big role in metabolic pathways
the transfer of electron as it releases energy which is stored in the compound which is used to synthesise ATP.
how do organic compound posses energy
due to the arrangement of electrons in their bonds,
what is fermentation
the partial degradation of sugar without the usage of oxygen
T or F that eukaryotic and prokaryotic oragnisms can carry aerobic and anaerobic respiration
T
is the breakdown of glucose exorgenic
yes, it is sponatneous G<0
what is oxidised in aerobic respiartion
Glucose to form co2
what happens in respiration
the oxidation of glucose transfers electron to lower energy state which realeses energy which is used to make ATP.
do electrons travel with hydrogen
yes in the form of hydrogen atoms
where are hydrogen atoms passed to
nAD
why is the coenenzyme NAD suited for electron carrier
brcsuse it can transform NADH and NAD and vice versa
NAD acts as an oxidising agent in respiration
True
what does the enzyme dehydrogenase do
they remove a paor of hydrogen atoms H
where is electron transport chain located for eukaryotes
inner membrane of mitocondria
where is electron transport chain present in prokaryotes
plasma membrane
what is the summary of cellular respiration
glucose->NADH->electron transport-> oxygen
is glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation and citric acid catabolic pathway
Yes
outline the respiratory sequence
glycolysis is where glucose is phosphorylated by 2ATP causing the molecule to become reactive and to form 2 trios phosphates. next the triose phosphate will become oxidised forming 2molecules of pyruvate. NAD collects the hydrogen ion to form NADH, 4 atp produced but net 2ATP.
where does cytric cycle/ krebs cycle occur for eukarytic and prokarytoc cell
for eukarytes it is in matrix of mitocondria and for prokarytic in the cytoplasm
where does link reaction occur for prokaryotes
in the cytoplaasm
does oxidative phosphorqylation account for 90% of ATP
Yes
what is substrate level phosphorylation
when an enzyme transfers the phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP
in which two stages does substrate level phosphorylation occur
glycolysis and krebs cycle
is co2 released in glycolysis
No
does glycolysis occur for both aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Yes
how did pyruvate enter the mitocondria from cytoplam
by active transport
write the summary of link reaction
Pyruvate is decarboxylated and one co2is lost, next nad is reduced as it takes a hydrogen from pyruvate to form acetate. Acetate is combined with coenzyme coA to form acetyl coA
does any ATP form in link reaction
No
what are the product of link reaction
2 molecule of acetyl coa, 2 CO2, 2 molecule of reduced NAD
why is co2 given off by link reaction
the pyruvate group has cooh group which is oxidised to form co2.
why NADH is formed in link reaction
the remaining 2 carbon compound is oxidised and electron transferred to NAD storing ebeny in NADH
es acetyl coA reactive
Yes
how many ATP does kreb cycle make
1atp
what are alternative names for kreb cycle
Tricarboxylic cycle and citrate cycle
how many steps does kreb cycle have
8
write the sequence of kreb cycle
acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate. coenzyme A goes back to link reaction. the 6c citrate is decarboxypated to 5c. dehydrogenation also occurs where hydrogen is used to produce NADH.
the 5 c carbon is then converted to 4c carbon, dehydrogenation and decarboxylaion occurs where 2 to NADH And 1 FADH.
substrate level phosphorylation occurs where 1 ATP is made, the citrate is now converted to oxoaloacetate.
product of kreb cycle and where it goes
1 coenzymeA which is reuse din link reaction
Oxaloacetate regenerated for the use kreb cycle
2co2 released as waste product
1 atp used for energy
3 nadh to oxidative phosphorylation
1 FADH to oxidative phosphorylation
what is oxidative phosphorylation
is the process where the energy carried by electrons from NADH & FADH is used to make ATP
what r the 2 process oxidative phosphorylation involve
electron transport chain chain and chemiosmosis
where does oxidation phosphrylation occus
in inner mitocondrial membrane
describe the process of oxodative phosphorylation
hydrogen atoms released by NADH and FADH, the H is split into H+ and e-. the electrons move along the electron transport chain where 3 carriers are present and they lose energy at each carrier. this energy is used to pump prototons from the mitocondrial matrix into intermembrane space. this forms an electrochamical gradient where the H+ moves down the gradient into thr matrix via ATP synthase which releseass energy to combine ADP to p to from ATP.
what happens at the end of electron transport chain
protons and electrons and hydrogen combines to form H2o
how many ATP is made from NADH
2.5 ATP
how many ATP does FADH make
1.5 ATP
what does coenzyme acetyl coa do
transfer acetate molecules
how many ATP are made per molecule of glucose
32
do NADH and FADH donate equivalent number of electrons
Yes
what pulls electron down the electron teansport chain
electronegative oxygen
what is the difference etween fermentation and anerobic respiration
anaerobic respiration uses electron transport chain
does anaerobic respiration involve link reaction
No
does anaerobic respiration require oxidative phosphorylation
No
does anaerobic respiration consist of kreb cycle
No
describe the process lactate fermentation
Glucose is converted to pyruvate via glycolysis. Reduced NADH from glycolysis transfer the hydrogen to pyruvate to form lactate and NAD. NAD can then be reused in glycolysis
what are the 2 ways animal break down lactic acid
cells can convert lactic acid back into pyruvate which can re enter in kreb cycle when 02 is there or liver cells can convert it back to glucose.
does alcohol fermentation produce co2
Yes
