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Imat > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

what is catabolic pathway

A

it involves the breakdown of molecules to release energy.

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2
Q

what is anabolic pathway

A

Anabolic pathways involve the creation of molecules to create more complex molecules

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3
Q

what plays a big role in metabolic pathways

A

the transfer of electron as it releases energy which is stored in the compound which is used to synthesise ATP.

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4
Q

how do organic compound posses energy

A

due to the arrangement of electrons in their bonds,

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5
Q

what is fermentation

A

the partial degradation of sugar without the usage of oxygen

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6
Q

T or F that eukaryotic and prokaryotic oragnisms can carry aerobic and anaerobic respiration

A

T

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7
Q

is the breakdown of glucose exorgenic

A

yes, it is sponatneous G<0

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8
Q

what is oxidised in aerobic respiartion

A

Glucose to form co2

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9
Q

what happens in respiration

A

the oxidation of glucose transfers electron to lower energy state which realeses energy which is used to make ATP.

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10
Q

do electrons travel with hydrogen

A

yes in the form of hydrogen atoms

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11
Q

where are hydrogen atoms passed to

A

nAD

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12
Q

why is the coenenzyme NAD suited for electron carrier

A

brcsuse it can transform NADH and NAD and vice versa

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13
Q

NAD acts as an oxidising agent in respiration

A

True

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14
Q

what does the enzyme dehydrogenase do

A

they remove a paor of hydrogen atoms H

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15
Q

where is electron transport chain located for eukaryotes

A

inner membrane of mitocondria

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16
Q

where is electron transport chain present in prokaryotes

A

plasma membrane

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17
Q

what is the summary of cellular respiration

A

glucose->NADH->electron transport-> oxygen

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18
Q

is glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation and citric acid catabolic pathway

A

Yes

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19
Q

outline the respiratory sequence

A

glycolysis is where glucose is phosphorylated by 2ATP causing the molecule to become reactive and to form 2 trios phosphates. next the triose phosphate will become oxidised forming 2molecules of pyruvate. NAD collects the hydrogen ion to form NADH, 4 atp produced but net 2ATP.

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20
Q

where does cytric cycle/ krebs cycle occur for eukarytic and prokarytoc cell

A

for eukarytes it is in matrix of mitocondria and for prokarytic in the cytoplasm

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21
Q

where does link reaction occur for prokaryotes

A

in the cytoplaasm

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22
Q

does oxidative phosphorqylation account for 90% of ATP

A

Yes

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23
Q

what is substrate level phosphorylation

A

when an enzyme transfers the phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP

24
Q

in which two stages does substrate level phosphorylation occur

A

glycolysis and krebs cycle

25
Q

is co2 released in glycolysis

A

No

26
Q

does glycolysis occur for both aerobic and anaerobic respiration

A

Yes

27
Q

how did pyruvate enter the mitocondria from cytoplam

A

by active transport

28
Q

write the summary of link reaction

A

Pyruvate is decarboxylated and one co2is lost, next nad is reduced as it takes a hydrogen from pyruvate to form acetate. Acetate is combined with coenzyme coA to form acetyl coA

29
Q

does any ATP form in link reaction

A

No

30
Q

what are the product of link reaction

A

2 molecule of acetyl coa, 2 CO2, 2 molecule of reduced NAD

31
Q

why is co2 given off by link reaction

A

the pyruvate group has cooh group which is oxidised to form co2.

32
Q

why NADH is formed in link reaction

A

the remaining 2 carbon compound is oxidised and electron transferred to NAD storing ebeny in NADH

33
Q

es acetyl coA reactive

A

Yes

34
Q

how many ATP does kreb cycle make

A

1atp

35
Q

what are alternative names for kreb cycle

A

Tricarboxylic cycle and citrate cycle

36
Q

how many steps does kreb cycle have

A

8

37
Q

write the sequence of kreb cycle

A

acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate. coenzyme A goes back to link reaction. the 6c citrate is decarboxypated to 5c. dehydrogenation also occurs where hydrogen is used to produce NADH.
the 5 c carbon is then converted to 4c carbon, dehydrogenation and decarboxylaion occurs where 2 to NADH And 1 FADH.
substrate level phosphorylation occurs where 1 ATP is made, the citrate is now converted to oxoaloacetate.

38
Q

product of kreb cycle and where it goes

A

1 coenzymeA which is reuse din link reaction

Oxaloacetate regenerated for the use kreb cycle

2co2 released as waste product

1 atp used for energy

3 nadh to oxidative phosphorylation
1 FADH to oxidative phosphorylation

39
Q

what is oxidative phosphorylation

A

is the process where the energy carried by electrons from NADH & FADH is used to make ATP

40
Q

what r the 2 process oxidative phosphorylation involve

A

electron transport chain chain and chemiosmosis

41
Q

where does oxidation phosphrylation occus

A

in inner mitocondrial membrane

42
Q

describe the process of oxodative phosphorylation

A

hydrogen atoms released by NADH and FADH, the H is split into H+ and e-. the electrons move along the electron transport chain where 3 carriers are present and they lose energy at each carrier. this energy is used to pump prototons from the mitocondrial matrix into intermembrane space. this forms an electrochamical gradient where the H+ moves down the gradient into thr matrix via ATP synthase which releseass energy to combine ADP to p to from ATP.

43
Q

what happens at the end of electron transport chain

A

protons and electrons and hydrogen combines to form H2o

44
Q

how many ATP is made from NADH

A

2.5 ATP

45
Q

how many ATP does FADH make

A

1.5 ATP

46
Q

what does coenzyme acetyl coa do

A

transfer acetate molecules

47
Q

how many ATP are made per molecule of glucose

A

32

48
Q

do NADH and FADH donate equivalent number of electrons

A

Yes

49
Q

what pulls electron down the electron teansport chain

A

electronegative oxygen

50
Q

what is the difference etween fermentation and anerobic respiration

A

anaerobic respiration uses electron transport chain

51
Q

does anaerobic respiration involve link reaction

A

No

52
Q

does anaerobic respiration require oxidative phosphorylation

A

No

53
Q

does anaerobic respiration consist of kreb cycle

A

No

54
Q

describe the process lactate fermentation

A

Glucose is converted to pyruvate via glycolysis. Reduced NADH from glycolysis transfer the hydrogen to pyruvate to form lactate and NAD. NAD can then be reused in glycolysis

55
Q

what are the 2 ways animal break down lactic acid

A

cells can convert lactic acid back into pyruvate which can re enter in kreb cycle when 02 is there or liver cells can convert it back to glucose.

56
Q

does alcohol fermentation produce co2

A

Yes

Imat (2 decks)

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