respiration Flashcards
e.g. glucose, aerobic, fermentation, cytoplasm
the chemical energy stored in glucose is released by all cells through
a series of enzyme-controlled reactions called respiration
the energy released from the breakdown of glucose is used to generate
ATP
the energy transferred by ATP can be used for
cellular activities
cellular activities include
muscle cell contraction, cell division, protein synthesis, transmission of nerve impulses
in respiration, …………. is broken down to produce 2 molecules of …………… in the ……………… of cells
in respiration, glucose is broken down to produce 2 molecules of pyruvate in the cytoplasm of cells
the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate releases enough energy to yield …….. molecules of ATP
2
if oxygen is available
aerobic respiration takes place
aerobic respiration takes place in the
mitochondria
in aerobic respiration, each pyruvate is broken down into
carbon dioxide and water
aerobic respiration releases enough energy to yield
a large number of ATP molecules
if oxygen is not available
fermentation pathway takes place and pyruvate remains in the cytoplasm
in the fermentation pathway ………… is converted to …….. in animal cells
in the fermentation pathway, pyruvate is converted to lactate in animal cells
in the fermentation pathway ………… is converted to ……….. and ………… …………… in plant & yeast cells
in the fermentation pathway pyruvate is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide in plant & yeast cells
in the fermentation pathway, the breakdown of each glucose molecules yields
only the initial 2 molecules of ATP
respiration begins in
the cytoplasm
