proteins Flashcards
e.g. active site, antibodies, hormones, synthesis reactions, denatured, optimum
the variety of protein shapes arises from
the sequence of amino acids
the shape of protein molecules affects
their function
functions of proteins include
structural, enzymes, antibodies, receptors, hormones
structural proteins make up
cell structures e.g. cell membranes
enzymes function as
biological catalysts
enzymes are made by
all living cells
hormones act as
chemical messengers between cells
hormones travel in
body fluids e.g. blood
antibodies are
protein molecules
antibodies are involved in
body defences
receptors are found in
cell membranes
what do receptors do
recognise specific substances
enzymes speed up..
cellular reactions
enzymes remain
unchanged in cellular reactions
enzymes act upon a substance called
it’s substrate
the substance formed when an enzyme acts upon it’s substrate is called
the product
enzymes are involved in …………. and ……….. reactions
degradation and synthesis
degradation reactions are when
complex substrates are broken down into 2 products
synthesis reactions are when
2 substrates join together to form 1 product
enzyme molecules have active sites where they
bind to substrate molecules and form an enzyme-substrate complex
enzymes are
specific
an enzymes ………….. ……shape is complemtary to the shape of its ………………..
active site, substrate
enzymes are most active in their
optimum conditions
enzymes are affected by
temperature and pH
extremes of temperature or pH can result in changes to the molecular shape of the enzyme known as
denaturation
when an enzyme is denatured, the shape of its active site will
no longer match the shape of it’s substrate
a change in the molecular shape of an enzyme will affect it’s
rate of reaction
a change in the molecular shape of any protein will affect it’s
function
