Respiration

Question 1

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 1

Heart-lungs-heart

Arterial-low oxygen
Venous-high oxygen

Smaller that system. Less Tortola distance, less restriction to flow

Question 2

Systemic circulation

Answer 2

Heart-tissue-heart

Arterial blood- high oxygen
Venous blood- low oxygen

Much bigger than pulmonary because of more total distance and more resistance to blood flow

Question 3

Conducting zone

Answer 3

Job is to move air. Humidify. Filter. Warm

Ex- pharynx, terminal bronchioles, trachea

Question 4

Respiratory zone

Answer 4

Gas exchange happens via short distance.
Ex- respiratory bronchioles, alveolar sacs only parts

Type 1 alveolar cell is the cell responsible for gas exchange

Question 5

When you inhale

Answer 5

Chest expands, pressure goes down

Question 6

When you exhale

Answer 6

Volume decreased, pressure goes up

Question 7

Surfactant

Answer 7

Secreted by type 2 alveolar cell. Coats alveolar to prevent collapse. Important for exhalation when cell is most at risk of collapsing

Question 8

Tidal volume

Answer 8

Quiet breathing, baseline volume

Question 9

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 9

Air that can be forced out if you want to but is not part of tidal volume

Between tidal and residual volume

Question 10

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 10

Air that can be forced in that is not part of tidal volume

Question 11

Vital capacity

Answer 11

Total range from expiratory-inspiratory volume

Inspiratory+expiratory+tidal volume

Question 12

Residual volume

Answer 12

Air left in lungs after max expiration

Question 13

Functional residual volume

Answer 13

Gas left in lungs after normal expiration

Question 14

Total minute volume

Answer 14

Tidal volume x breaths per min

Question 15

Where do we loose oxygen from the blood?

Answer 15

When it reaches cappilary beds in systemic circulation.

Want blood to go where oxygen is to pick it up and exchange

Question 16

Process of hemoglbin transporting 02 in lungs and periphery

Answer 16

In lungs- high 02 environment stimulates binding to hemoglobin.

In periphery- low o2 stimulates release of o2 from hemoglobin.

Question 17

Chloride shift

Answer 17

In periphery. Bicorbonate moved into red blood cell. Moves chloride out

Allows rbc to transport co2 back to lung

Question 18

Reverse chloride shift

Answer 18

In lung, exchange reversed. Hco3 out of rbc. Cl- in. Co2 remade and released in exhalation

Question 19

Voluntary control of breathing

Answer 19

Cerebral cortex

Question 20

Involuntary control of breathing

Answer 20

In brainstem ( medulla, pons)

Question 21

Restrictive lung disease

Answer 21

Lung tissue is damaged.
Vital capacity is reduced
Forced expiration is normal

Question 22

Emphysema

Answer 22

Restrictive

Collapse, loss of alveoli

Question 23

Pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 23

Restrictive

Remodeling of respiratory zones

Question 24

Obstructive lung disease

Answer 24

Lung tissue is normal
Vital capacity normal
Forced expiration is reduced

Question 25

Copd

Answer 25

Obstructive

Narrowing of conductive zones reducing air movement

Question 26

Asthma

Answer 26

Obstructive

Airway hyperresponsiveness

Question 27

Anemia

Answer 27

Loss of/ low production of rbc-
Toxicity of chemotherapy

Abnormal rbc
Sickle cell anemia