Respiration

Question 1

Alveoli

Answer 1

Tiny air sacs in the lungs
Very thins sacs to transfer gases
Surrounded by capillaries (site of gas diffusion)
Film of lipoprotein prevents them from sticking together

Question 2

Bronchus / Bronchi

Answer 2

Two branches of the tranches (left and right )

Contain cartilage

Question 3

Bronchioles

Answer 3

SMALLER branches
No cartilage
Rings of muscle – change diameter dialate or constrict

Question 4

Cilia

Answer 4

Trachea is lined with it …

Question 5

Diaphragm

Answer 5

Dome shaped band of muscle
Separates thoracic and abdominal cavities
Helps in inhalation and exhalation

Question 6

Epiglottis

Answer 6

Flap covering trachea during swallowing

If food enters trachea coughing happens

Question 7

Intercostal muscles

Answer 7

Muscles attached to ribcage

Question 8

Larynx

Answer 8

“Voicebox”
Contains 2 ligaments
Cartilage protects larynx

Question 9

Lungs

Answer 9

Right has 3 lobes

Left has 2 lobes

Question 10

Nasal cavity

Answer 10

Provides moisture (allows gasses to dissolve and diffuse )
Warns the air
Filters and traps particles using hair and mucous

Question 11

Pharynx

Answer 11

Passage for food and air

Question 12

Pleural membranes

Answer 12

Membranes on outer surface of lungs and inner wall of chest cavity
Contains lubricant which reduces friction

Question 13

Thoracic cavity

Answer 13

Covers and protects the lungs
Once breath in it expands
Once breath out it goes down and in

Question 14

Trachea

Answer 14

Lined with cilia 
-mucous traps particles 
-cilia carry particles to the mouth 
Surrounded by rings of cartilage and smooth muscles 
-provide support and keep trachea open

Question 15

Hemoglobin

Answer 15

Substance in RBC

Picks up O2 in the lungs and carries it to the body cells

Question 16

Oxyhemoglobin

Answer 16

Hb + O2 = ?

Question 17

Lipoproteins

Answer 17

Alveoli has a film of if preventing them from sticking with each other

Question 18

Pleural lubricant

Answer 18

Prevents friction between pleural membranes

Question 19

Carbonic acid

Answer 19

70 % of carbon forms ____ ( H2CO3)

-IT is later converted into bicarbonate ions.

Question 20

Bicarbonate

Answer 20

Carbonic acid is converted into ___ ions

Question 21

Chemoreceptors

Answer 21

Medulla oblongata contains them

- test amount of CO2 in the blood

Question 22

Inspiration

Answer 22

• Intercostal muscles contract pulling rib cage up and out
• Diaphragm contracts and lowers
• abdominal muscles relax allowing diaphragm to move down
• volume increases air pressure in the lungs decreases air rushes in !

Question 23

Expiration

Answer 23

• intercostal muscles relax rib cage falls back down and moves in
• Diaphragm relaxes and rises to original position
• Abdominal muscles contract pushing diaphragm up
• Volume decreases air pressure in lung increases air pushes out

Question 24

Tidal volume

Answer 24

Volume of air that can be inhaled and exhaled in a normal breath

Question 25

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 25

Additional volume of air that can be taken into the lung

Question 26

Vital capacity

Answer 26

Total volume of air that can be moved in and out of the lungs

Question 27

Exploratory reserve volume

Answer 27

additional air that be forced out of lungs

Question 28

Residual volume

Answer 28

Amount of air that remains in the lungs

Question 29

Bronchitis

Answer 29

• inflammation of bronchioles
• air passage becomes smaller
• excess mucous

Question 30

Bronchial Asthma

Answer 30

-reversible narrowing of bronchial passage

Question 31

Emphysema

Answer 31

• increased resistance to air flow

- over - inflation of the lungs

Question 32

Lung cancer

Answer 32

Uncontrolled growth of cells = tumour

Less surface area for diffusion