Excretion

Question 1

Large intestine

Answer 1

Removes toxic wastes

Question 2

Liver

Answer 2

• converts toxins into soluble compounds
• destroys old RBC by converting hemoglobin into bike pigment
• deamination -removes nitrogenous wastes (from Amina acids) produces urea

Question 3

Kidney (3 parts)

Answer 3

Cortex , Medulla, Renal pelvis

Question 4

Skin

Answer 4

Maintains Heat by producing sweat

Question 5

Ureter

Answer 5

Brings waste to bladder

Question 6

Urinary bladder

Answer 6

Temporary urine storage

Question 7

Urethra

Answer 7

Brings waste FROM bladder out of system

Question 8

Renal artery

Answer 8

Brings oxygenated blood to the kidney

Question 9

Afferent arteriole

Answer 9

Brings blood to glomerulus from the renal artery

Question 10

Efferent arteriole

Answer 10

Leaves glomerulus takes the blood to the capillary net

Question 11

Renal vein

Answer 11

Brings deoxygenated blood back to heart

Question 12

Glomerulus

Answer 12

Ball of capillaries -site of pressure filtration

Question 13

Bowman’s capsule

Answer 13

Surrounds the glomerulus fluids from blood that are to be urine enter the nephron here (filtration )

Question 14

Proximinal tubule

Answer 14

Connected to Bowman’s capsule

-IMPORTANT for reabsorption (molecules from nephron move back to the blood )

Question 15

Loop of Henle

Answer 15

Descends into medulla

-CONNECTS proximinal to distal tubule

Question 16

Distal tubule

Answer 16

Leads to collecting duct

-site for secretion (from blood to nephron )

Question 17

Collecting duct

Answer 17

Collects urine from the nephrons and empties waste to the renal pelvis

Question 18

Amino acid

Answer 18

Proteins are made from them

Question 19

Amino group

Answer 19

H
     \
        N 
     /
H

Question 20

Carboxyl group

Answer 20

OH - C -O

_

Question 21

Ammonia

Answer 21

Ammonia is from the amino group

Question 22

Urea

Answer 22

Ammonia combines with CO2 to form it

Question 23

Urin acid

Answer 23

Liver helps produce it

-formed by the breakdown of nucleic acids

Question 24

Deamination

Answer 24

The process in which the amino group is removed

Question 25

ADH

Answer 25

-hypothalamus
Stored in the pituitary gland which releases it into the blood

-released when there is a loss of water due to sweating or DEHYDRATION

-acts on distal tubule and collecting duct to increase water absorption
MORE ADH= MORE WATER = LESS URINE = MORE CONCENTRATED YELLOW URINE ⬆️ BP

Question 26

Aldosterone

Answer 26

• adrenal gland
• low blood pressure due to fluid loss or increased sodium uptake into nephron from blood
• acts in distal tube and collecting duct
• More sodium reabsorbed into blood and water follow by osmosis
• fluid level increases BP INCREASES
• Less urine MORE concentrated

Question 27

Dialysis

Answer 27

Cleaning of blood

TREATMENT FOR KIDNEY FAILURE

Question 28

Hemodialysis

Answer 28

1. BLOOD is pumped to a machine (artificial kidney )
2. Wastes DIFFUSE from blood into a solution low in solute
3. CLEANED blood is pumped back into the arm

Question 29

Peritoneal dialysis

Answer 29

1. DIALYSATE solution into the abdomen using a catheter
2. Wastes DIFFUSE from blood into the dialysate
3. Dialysate is DRAINED by lowering the bag (new bag in)

Question 30

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 30

Problems with ADH production
NO ADH NO H20
HUGE URINE OUTPUT
NEED TO DRINK LOTS OF WATER TO STAY HYDRATED