Respiration Flashcards
Where does glycolysis occur?
In the cytoplasm of living cells
Why does glucose need to be phosphorylated?
To make it more reactive
Lowers the activation energy
So it can be split
What is phosphorylated glucose split into?
Two triose phosphate
How is the triose phosphate converted into pyruvate?
It is oxidised
Hydrogen is removed and reduces NAD
How is ATP produced?
Regenerated from ADP and Pi when the enzyme controlled reactions convert TP into pyruvate
What is the yield for glycolysis?
Two molecules of ATP
Two molecules of NADH
Two molecules of pyruvate
Where does the link reaction occur?
The mitochondrial matrix
How is acetyl coenzyme A produced?
Pyruvate is oxidised to form acetyl
This combines with coenzyme A
The lost hydrogen reduces NAD
What does acetylcoenzyme A combine with and what does it produce?
A four carbon molecule
To produce
A 6 carbon molecule
How is the four carbon molecule regenerated?
The 6 carbon molecule loses two carbon dioxide, two hydrogens and one ATP molecule
What is the significance of the kerbs cycle?
Breaks down macromolecules - pyruvate to carbon dioxide
Produces hydrogen which is carried by NAD for the electron transport chain
Source of fatty acids and amino acids
What is the final acceptor of the electron transport chain?
Oxygen
How do NAD and FAD begin the transport chain?
NAD and FAD donate electrons of the hydrogen to the first carrier
What happens to the protons from the hydrogen atoms in the ETC?
They actively transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane
They accumulate and diffuse back into the matrix through protein channels
Electrons combine with protons and oxygen, forming water
How is ATP formed in the ETC?
A series of oxidation-reduction reactions occur
Electrons lose energy as they pass down the chain
This energy is used to combine ADP and Pi
