Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

XBiology > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Respiration def

A

exchange of oxygen gas and carbon dioxide gas between an organism and its external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

5 Functions of Respiratory System

A
  1. Supplies oxygen which is required by body cells in order to perform cellular respiration
  2. Removes carbon dioxide which is produced as a waste product and is poisonous
  3. Controls the pH of body fluids aka blood plasma
  4. Provides protection from inhaled pathogens and irritating substances
  5. Allows speech to occur
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does the respiratory system control the pH of blood plasma?

A

In controlling amount of CO2 and Ox (CO2 + H2O = acid; bicarbonates can neutralize)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why is carbon dioxide dangerous?

A

Carbon dioxide serves as competition to oxygen as hemoglobin is 4x more likely to bind to it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ventilation: def

A
  • Process by which oxygen is taken in from external environment
  • Not considered a part of respiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ventilation: flow of air (pressure gradient)

A
  • Air flows due to a pressure gradient (more high pressure to low pressure)
  • You cannot change the atmospheric gas pressure
  • In order for air to move into your lungs, the pressure inside the lungs must become lower than the pressure in the atmosphere
  • As you cannot change atmospheric gas pressure, you must change the pressure inside your body by changing the volume
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ventilation: how does the respiratory system do it then?

A
  • The muscles of the thoracic cage (rib cage bones, spine, etc) + diaphragm contract allowing the lungs to expand
  • Increasing the volume in the thoracic cavity
  • According to Boyle’s Law; pressure decreases and air follows into the lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

External Respiration: def

A
  • Exchange of gases across the respiratory surface between the alveoli and blood capillaries
  • Air in lungs is part of outside world
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

External Respiration: how does the respiratory system do it then?

A
  • Occurs by diffusion
  • Concentration of oxygen is greater in alveoli than in capillary
  • Concentration of carbon dioxide is greater in capillary than in alveoli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Internal Respiration: def

A

Exchange of gases between the capillaries and body tissue cells (air is finally in bloodstream)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Internal Respiration: how does the respiratory system do it then?

A

Oxygen gas diffuses out of the blood into the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells diffuses in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cellular Respiration: def + equation + opposite reaction + tie in

A
  • Series of energy-releasing chemical reactions that take place within the cells
  • Involves the use of oxygen to produce ATP from food molecules
  • C6H12O6 (from digestion) + O2 (from respiration) = ATP + CO2 (bye) + H2O
  • Opposite reaction is photosynthesis
  • All systems unite to allow the organism to live and thrive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

4 stages in order

A
  • Ventilation
  • External respiration
  • Internal respiration
  • Cellular respiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nasal Cavity

A
  • Air is warmed, moistened, and filtered
  • Has mucus secreting cells that filter the air
  • Cilia filters large particles & debris
  • Blood capillaries are close to the surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pharynx

A
  • Common pathway for air and food
  • Muscular to swallow
  • Pathway that leads to trachea and esophagus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Epiglottis

A
  • Covers trachea to prevent food from entering it when swallowing
  • Tiny flap of connective tissue
17
Q

Larynx

A

Contains vocab cords that vibrate and produce sound as air rushes past (usually when breathing out)

  • At the top of trachea
  • Made up of several pieces of cartilage; the lowest of which is the Adam’s apple
18
Q

Trachea

A

Allows air to pass from pharynx into lungs

  • Hollow, tough, flexible tube
  • Contains C-shaped cartilage rings that reinforce trachea to prevent collapse
  • Don’t need full ring because spine protects other side
  • We ONLY HAVE ONE WINDPIPE!
  • Trachea has cilia and mucus secreting cells that takes dirt and debris toward pharynx when swallowed
19
Q

What are the 3 forms of respiration?

A

External, internal, and cellular

HOWEVER cellular is not a TRUE form of respiration as it doesn’t deal with gas exchange.

20
Q

Cilia w/ mucus

A

Filters air by trapping dust and debris to prevent from reaching the alveoli

  • Line the trachea and bronchi and bronchiole
  • Hair-like
21
Q

Bronchi (a bronchus)

A

Leads air into air sacs of the lungs

  • Lined with smooth muscles
  • Hollow tubes supported by cartilage
  • Branches into left and right lungs
22
Q

Bronchioles

A

Leads air into air sacs of the lungs

  • Thinner tubes that branch off the bronchi or the lungs
23
Q

Lungs

A

Houses the air sacs; receiver of the air

24
Q

Alveoli (a alveolus)

A

Site of gas exchange through diffusion (high concentration to low concentration)

  • Tiny air sacs at the ends of the bronchioles
  • Occur in grape like clusters (to maximize surface area)
  • 1 cell layer thick (shortest distance to maximize diffusion)
  • Wrapped around capillaries
25
Q

Requirements for respiration

A
  1. Respiratory system: large enough for gas exchange to occur quickly for body’s needs (ventilation draws oxygen medium into this)
  2. Moist environment: substances are dissolved in blood; gases must diffuse from blood
26
Q

Types of respiratory surfaces

A
  • Outer skin: long to optimize gas exchange, near moist environments, skin breathers, capillaries right under skin (eg. earth worm)
  • Gills: external projections that exchange gases, folded to increase surface area
  • Trachael System: oxygen enters via spiracles and diffuses into trachae which are elaborately branched tubes that are connected to body’s cells (no circulatory system)
  • Lungs: require more oxygen that can be delivered by the others
27
Q

Adaptations of gills

A
  • Water flows across gills and dissolved oxygen diffuses into blood through surrounding capillaries
  • Counter-current exchange mechanism: oxygen rich water follows into mouth, deoxygenated blood flows opposite way so as it picks up more oxygen, the oxygen rich water will still always have more oxygen

XBiology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions