Respiration

Question 1

What is tissue respiration

Answer 1

The sequence of enzyme reactions releasing energy from cells as expected , it’s rate increases with temperature [x2 per 10•c ] up to denaturalising

Question 2

What is produced by reputation

Answer 2

ATP , the molecule all cells use whenever they perform any form of work .

Question 3

How do cells normally respire

Answer 3

Aerobically using oxygen as this releases more ATP than anaerobic respiration

Question 4

Where does respiration take place

Answer 4

Mitochondria , organelles carrying out aerobic respiration . The cells mitochondria are the ultimate destination of all oxygen we breathe in and which enters our blood via the long alveoli

Question 5

What is the equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 5

C6H12O6 + 6O2 - 6CO2 + 6H20 (energy)

Question 6

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration

Answer 6

C6H12O6- 2CO2 + 2C2H5OH (ethanol

C6H12O6 - 2C3H6O3 (lactic acid))

Question 7

How to Create anaerobic conditions for growing yeast

Answer 7

Boil suitable quantities of sucrose and sodium hydrogen phosphate in tap water. Cool under a tap with out disturbing add two small pellets of dried Yeast. Cover the water with a thin layer of paraffin oil

Question 8

What happens when muscles are deprived of oxygen

Answer 8

They produce lactic acid when they are supplied with insufficient oxygen which leads to fatigue and cramp. In the form of lactate iron it diffuses out of muscles into the blood and is taken to the liver , some of it is then respired by the liver cells , yielding ATP which is used to convert the rest to glucose - either for storage as glycogen or to be released back into the blood . The lacti acid uses up a lot if oxygen which is why we are breathless after strenuous excercuse , we have to breath at a higher rate in order to obtain the oxygen needed by the liver to oxidise the lactate.

Question 9

How can you tell an organism is respireing

Answer 9

Loss of dry mass, release of heat, production of carbon dioxide , Uptake of oxygen

Question 10

What is an independent variable

Answer 10

Stays the same( x axis

Question 11

Dependent variable

Answer 11

Changes (y axis

Question 12

What can be used to absorb carbon dioxide

Answer 12

Potassium hydroxide , soda lime

Question 13

What would happen if you breathed into water containing bicarbonate indicator

Answer 13

It would change from red to yellow

Question 14

If you breathed into lime water

Answer 14

It would turn cloudy

Question 15

How do you study heat generation by peas

Answer 15

Thermos flasks with thermometer held in place by cotton wool bung (to allow oxygen) , thermos flask held upside down (heat rises) held by clamp on retort stand .
Use soaked , dried , boiled, boiled and disinfected peas and soaked and disinfected peas .
When peas are boiled enzymes are denatured ( no respiration )
Disinfection kills bacteria which would also be respireing
You need to soak peas as water is required to respire

Question 16

What is a respirometer

Answer 16

A device used to measure the rate of respiration of a living irganism

Question 17

How much Energy is released in aerobic respiration

Answer 17

Around 2900 kj of energy per each glucose molecule a

Question 18

Why do whales respire aneoribically

Answer 18

When they have been underwater for a long time and do not have enough oxygen

Question 19

Why do plants need anaerobic respiration

Answer 19

Seeds , root cells or water logged ground and there is not enough oxygen available or available quick enough

Question 20

Why is less energy released in anaerobic respiration

Answer 20

Glucose molecule is only partly broken down ( 150 KJ released from every glucose molecule respired)

Question 21

Why would germinating seeds need to respire anaerobically

Answer 21

Deep inside the germinating seed energy is needed to start all reactions that result in cell diffusion and growth but there is little oxygen left so anaerobic respiration is important

Question 22

What colour does hydrogen carbonate indicator turn when you blow through it

Answer 22

Lime green

Question 23

What happens once the lactic acid had been oxidised

Answer 23

It makes co2 + h20

Question 24

How is beer produced

Answer 24

1. Barely seeds are germinated , when they germinate they produce amylase and enzyme that breaks the starch in the barely seeds into maltose
2. The seeds are killed and dried to make malt
   3 the malt is ground up and mixed with water to make mash
3. Mash is boiled and filtered
4. Hops and yeast are added , yeast produces alchahol anerobically
5. Beer is centrifuged , filtered and sometimes pasteurised
6. It is put into Casks or barrels

Question 25

Why do we add barely

Answer 25

When barely grains germinate their own enzymes convert starch to maltose and glucose. We book the barely to filter of the grain and leave the glucose and maltose (malting) , yeast can then respire glucose anaerobically and produce alchahol

Question 26

How is the yeast contained when fermenting

Answer 26

Carbon dioxide gas can escape through an air lock to prevent pressure build up and paraffin oil prevents oxygen reaching the yeast but allows co2 to leave

Question 27

Why is yeast unable to respire at high temperatures

Answer 27

Because the enzymes are denatured

Question 28

Oxygen debt

Answer 28

Extra oxygen needed by the liver to oxidise the lactic acid into carbon dioxide and water