Respiration

Question 1

What is the major advantage of using ATP as a major energy source?

Answer 1

Enables cells to be given energy immediatly, and in small, managable amounts

Question 2

What is the name of the process in which ATP is produced via a stalked particle, in both respiration and photosynthesis?

Answer 2

Chemiosmosis

Question 3

In chemiosmosis, what is formed by the built up of H+ ions on one side of the membrane?

Answer 3

Electrochemical gradient

Question 4

Where does chemiosomsis occur?

Answer 4

Membranes of the mitochondria/chloroplast

Question 5

What is the major enzyme used in the stalked particle?

Answer 5

ATP Synthase

Question 6

Where does glycolysis occur in a cell?

Answer 6

The cytoplasm

Question 7

What is the net yield of ATP made from glycolysis?

Answer 7

2

Question 8

What enzyme is used to convert Glucose-6-phosphate into Fructose-1-phosphate?

Answer 8

Isomerase

Question 9

In what part of glycolysis are 2 ATP and 2 NADred formed

Answer 9

The conversion of 2x Triose phosphate to 2x intermidiate compound

Question 10

What is the link reaction?

Answer 10

Pyruvate —-> Acetyl CoA + CO2 + NADred

Question 11

What does Decarboxylation mean? And when does it occur during respiration?

Answer 11

The removal of carbon and CO2
Occurs in the link reaction, the break down of citrate to a 5C compound, and the break down of the 5C compund to a 4C compound

Question 12

What does Dehydrogenation mean? And when does it occur during respiration?

Answer 12

The removal of hydrogen
During the link reaction, the break down of citrate to a 5C compound, the break down of the 5C compund to a 4C compound, and the conversion of a 4C compound to oxaloacetate

Question 13

What is the reaction for Substrate fixed phosphorylation? And when does it happen?

Answer 13

ADP + P(i) —> ATP

Between the first 4C compound convertion to the next 4C compound

Question 14

How many molecules of pyruvate is formed from a single molecule of glucose?

Answer 14

2

Question 15

What is the total net yield of ATP from the kreb cycle for a single moleucle of pyruvate?

Answer 15

1 per pyruvate

Question 16

Whats happens to the Hydrogen that is removed from the kreb cycle by Dehydrogentation?

Answer 16

Reduces NAD

Question 17

What happens to the H+ ions that are attatched to NADred?

Answer 17

Are used in chemiosmosis to produce ATP

Question 18

The electrons from both NADred and FADred, and the 2H+ from FADred combine to form what?

Answer 18

2 molecules of water

Question 19

True of false : Fats produce less ATP when respired than proteins and carbohydrates

Answer 19

False

Question 20

Beta oxidation is what?

Answer 20

The convertion of 2 carbons in a fatty acid compound to 1 molecule of Actyl CoA

Question 21

How is lactate formed in animals?

And what is this process called?

Answer 21

Pyruvate (formed from glycolysis) is converted using 2H from NADred and the enzyme Lactate dehydrogenase
Lactate dehydrogenase

Question 22

What is the intermediate and final product of anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast?
And what are the enzymes that are used?

Answer 22

Intermediate : Ethanal (Pyruvate dehydrogenase)

Final : Ethanol (Ethanol dehydrogenase)

Question 23

What is lost in anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast? And where abouts is it lost (what reaction)?

Answer 23

CO2 (pyruvic acid > ethanal)