Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

In which layer in the leaf does photosynthesis occur?

A

Palisade Layer

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2
Q

Where specifically does light dependent reactions occur in a chloroplast?

A

Thylakoid membrane

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3
Q

What is a granum?

A

A stack of thylakoids

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4
Q

What is the job of a lamella?

A

Joins the thylakoids together horizontally

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5
Q

Chlorophyll A, Xanthophyll, and Carotenoids are all classed as what?

A

Photosynthetic Pigments

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6
Q

What does an action spectrum show?

A

The rate of photosynthesis

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7
Q

What happens to the electrons in the primary pigment reaction centres?

A

They become excited and leave

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8
Q

What is the job of accessory pigments?

A

To pass light energy to the primary pigment by donating its electrons to neutralise the positive charge of the primary pigment

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9
Q

Describe the 4 main stages of cyclic phosphorylation

A
  1. Light energy is absorbed by PSII
  2. Electrons gain this energy and become excited, and so leave the chlorophyll
  3. The electrons are accepted by electron accepters to PSI
  4. Energy is released during stage 3, which is used to create ATP
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10
Q

What process occurs first, cyclic or non-cyclic phosphorylation?

A

Non-Cyclic

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11
Q

Describe the 4 stages that occur in non-cyclic phosphorylation

A
  1. Light energy is abosrbed from PSI
  2. Electrons gain this energy and become excited, and so leave the chloropyll molecule
  3. These electrons are accepted by electron accepters which pass these onto the enzyme NADP reductase to reduce 2 moleules of NADP
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12
Q

What part does the photolysis of water have to play in the reduction of NADP?

A

Light energy splits water into H+, e-, and oxygen. The electrons are donated to PSII to neutralise the charge, and the H+ are used to reduce NADP

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13
Q

Where does the NADP used in the light dependant reactions come from?

A

Light independant reactions

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14
Q

What is another name for light independant stage of photosynthesis?

A

The calvin cycle

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15
Q

Where does the light independant stage of photosynthesis occur?

A

The stroma of the chloroplast

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16
Q

Describe the key 3 stages in the light independent stage of photosynthesis

A
  1. CO2 and RuBP are combined in the enzyme Rubisco to from an unstable 6C compound, which breaks down to 2 moleucles of GP (3 carbons)
  2. GP is converted to TP using the energy produces form the breakdown of ATP, and the H+ ions from the NADPred, all of which came from the light dependant stage
  3. ATP (also from the light dependant stage) is broken down to produce ADP and P(i), which is used to resynthesise RuBP
17
Q

What are the factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A

Light intensity
CO2 concentration
Tempreture

18
Q

What effect does dim light have on the concentrations of NADPred, ATP, and GP?

A

Increased : GP

Decreased : NADPred and ATP

19
Q

What happens to CO2 in the light independent reactions?

A

Joins rubsicso

20
Q

How does pyruvate get into the mitochondria?

A

Active transport