Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Animal Anatomy and Physiology > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of gas exchange?

A

To gain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the composition of air?

A

Oxygen=21%, Nitrogen=78%, CO2=0.04%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

By what process do gasses move?

A

Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Ions of molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration across a semipermeable membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Flick’s Law?

A

R=DxA(difference between)p/d
The rate of diffusion = diffusion constant X area diffusion takes place times difference in partial pressure over the distance across which diffusion takes place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What leads to an increase in diffusion?

A

Large surface area, small distance travelled and high concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Gas exchange needs a _____ surface

A

Moist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which is a better respiratory medium, air or water? Why?

A

Air as it has higher O2 concentration and is easier to ventilate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In water, as temperature increases, the oxygen content _______

A

Decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are small animals able to exchange gases at the body surface?

A

Due to a large surface area to volume ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the structure of gas exchange surfaces depend on?

A

Size of the organism, habitat (water/land), metabolic demands of the organism (high/moderate/low)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does respiration occur in flatworms?

A

Diffusion through body surface, due to small size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In gastropods, what is the respiratory protein that transports O2?

A

Hemocyanin, hemoglobin in a few species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does respiration occur in cephalopods?

A

Water is drawn into the cavity behind the mantle where it reaches the gills; excess water pushed out by siphon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does respiration occur in annelid worms?

A

Diffusion through skin, or gill filaments in some aquatic species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In annelids, what respiratory proteins transport O2?

A

Hemoglobin or chlorocruorin

17
Q

What type of breathing apparatus does a spider have?

A

Book lung, bringing air in to mix with haemolymph from circulatory system, and trachea

18
Q

How does respiration occur in insects?

A

Air travels through spiracles (holes on body surface) to give O2 to cells directly

19
Q

How does respiration occur in crustaceans?

A

Internal gills attached to basal segments of legs

20
Q

How do mosquito larvae get air?

A

Via a posterior siphon that comes out of the water surface, gaining contact with air

21
Q

What are biological gills? What animals are they found in?

A

Tracheated cuticular extensions from the body, seen in mayfly nymphs

22
Q

What are rectal tracheated gills? What animals are they found in?

A

Opening into the rectal area with internal gills alog the walls, seen in dragonfly nymphs

23
Q

What are physical gills? What animals are they seen in?

A

Animal keeps an air bubble to allow diffusion to take place between the bubble and water, seen in aquatic beetles and bugs

24
Q

What is the oxygen transport protein in vertebrates?

A

Haemoglobin

25
Q

What phases are involved in fish respiration?

A

Suction pump phase - mouth opens and buccal cavity expands letting in water; Pressure pump phase - mouth closes and buccal cavity contracts pushing water out past the gills

26
Q

In fish, what do gill arches do?

A

Support the primary lamellae (gill filaments)

27
Q

In fish, what does ram ventilation consist of?

A

The mouth is kept slightly open while the fish swims, continually pushing water passed the gills

28
Q

How does the structure in elasmobranch gills differ from other fish?

A

They have septa

29
Q

Where can gas exchange in an amphibian lung take place?

A

On the outer surface only

30
Q

How do amphibians minimise the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated air?

A

Inhaled air is kept in the buccal cavity while air is exhaled; the inhaled air is then able to enter lung

31
Q

In amphibians, low oxygen levels leads to an increase in _________

A

Skin surface area

32
Q

How does respiration occur in amphibian larvae?

A

Gills

33
Q

How does a snake’s respiratory system differ from other reptiles?

A

Usually only use one lung (right); the left is not present or reduced

34
Q

How do reptile and mammal alvioli differ?

A

Reptilian alvioli are larger and fewer in number

35
Q

Turtles are unable to move their ribs. How to they push air out of the lungs?

A

Use their forelimbs and pectoral girdle

36
Q

What is teh hepatic piston method of ventilation used by crocodilians?

A

The liver is pulled back using muscles, pulling the lungs back and expanding

37
Q

What is characteristic of bird respiratory systems?

A

The presence of air sacs

Animal Anatomy and Physiology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions