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Biology > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

Releasing energy from food using oxygen

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2
Q

What is anaerobic reparation?

A

Releasing energy from food without using oxygen

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3
Q

When does anaerobic respiration occur?

A

When there is not enough oxygen available

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4
Q

Disadvantages of anaerobic respiration?

A

Lactic acid is released in the muscles

This can cause pain (cramps)

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5
Q

Advantages of anaerobic respiration?

A

Muscles can release energy for a short period when not enough oxygen is available e.g. 100m sprints

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6
Q

What is an oxygen debt?

A

Created after anaerobic respiration

Breathing deeply after exercise, to get oxygen to the muscle, breaks down lactic acid to water and carbon dioxide

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7
Q

A fit person can….

A

Breathe in a greater volume of air

Produce less lactic acid

Break down lactic acid faster

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8
Q

Anaerobic respiration in yeast formula

Fermentation

A

Glucose➡️➡️➡️ ethanol+ carbon dioxide

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9
Q

Formula for respiration

A

Glucose+oxygen➡️➡️➡️carbon dioxide + water + ENERGY

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10
Q

What is respiration?

A

The process which occurs in cells to release the energy from food substances

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11
Q

Equation for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + energy

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12
Q

Equation for anaerobic respiration?

A

Glucose = lactic acid + energy

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13
Q

Which is less efficient? Anaerobic or aerobic?

A

Anaerobic

Less energy is released per molecule of glucose

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14
Q

When can anaerobic respiration occur in humans?

A

During vigorous exercise, where the demand for oxygen is greater than the lungs can supply

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15
Q

What is the name given to the shortage of oxygen?

A

Oxygen debt

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16
Q

How does the body lay back the oxygen debt?

A

By breathing faster and deeper for a while after the exercise has finished

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17
Q

After the extra oxygen is taken into the body after oxygen debt, how is the lactic acid broken down?

A

Into carbon dioxide and water

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18
Q

Equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?

A

Glucose = ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy

19
Q

What is ethanol?

A

An alcohol

20
Q

What is the name given to anaerobic respiration in yeast?

A

Fermentation

21
Q

What controls the chemical reactions in respiration?

A

Enzymes

22
Q

What happens when there is not enough oxygen for anaerobic respiration?

A

The cells switch to another form of respiration, anaerobic respiration

23
Q

Job of the respiratory system?

A

To get oxygen into the blood, to be carried around the body for use in respiration and to remove waste carbon dioxide from the blood

24
Q

Why do we need a respiratory system?

A

Diffusion of oxygen through the body surface would be too slow to supply the innermost tissues.

25
Q

What are the organs of gas exchange?

A

The lungs

26
Q

What are alveoli and what do they do?

A

Air sacs where gas exchange takes place

27
Q

How are alveoli adapted for gas exchange?

A

Thin walls of the alveoli mean that gases can pass through easily and quickly.

They have a good blood supply, so more gases can be exchanged

The moist lining allows oxygen to dissolve, which is necessary before it can diffuse through the wall

28
Q

Difference between inspired/expired air?

A

Inspired is air breathed in

Expired is air breather out

29
Q

How is expired air different to inspired?

A

Has less oxygen

Has more carbon dioxide

Has more water vapour

30
Q

What happens when breathing in?

A

Diaphragm moves down and rib cage moves up and out. Causes increase in the volume of the thorax. Pressure is lower inside the thorax. This allows lungs to expand, air is drawn In.

31
Q

What happens when breathing out?

A

Diaphragm moves upwards and rib cage moves in and down, this decreases the volume and increases the pressure in the thorax. Increased pressure compresses the lunches and air is pushed out

32
Q

What does the lining of the respiratory system produce?

A

Sticky mucus

33
Q

What does mucus do in the respiratory system?

A

Traps dust and bacteria from the air breathed in

34
Q

What are cilia?

A

Delicate hair like structures which line the trachea and bronchioles

35
Q

What do they cilia do?

A

They move, constantly shifting the mucus to the top of the trachea where it is swallowed

36
Q

What does inhalation of smoke do to the cilia?

A

Paralyses them. The mucus and trapped particles will sink into the lungs and irritate them, damaging the lung tissue and increasing the risk of disease.

37
Q

Hat two diseases does smoking or tobacco products cause..

A

Lung cancer and emphysema

38
Q

What is emphysema caused by?

A

Inflammation and scarring of lung tissue, and damage to the alveoli. It causes coughing and difficulty to breathe.

39
Q

What happens during lung cancer?

A

Tumours grow in lungs and may spread to other parts of the body via the blood stream, as the lungs have a very good bloody supply

40
Q

How smoking causes cancer? (Chemicals)

A

Tobacco smoke contains carcinogens, they cause cancer.

41
Q

How smoking causes disease? (Mucus)

A

Smoke paralyses cilia, lungs become clogged by mucus and irritated by the particles trapped in the mucus. This develops emphysema

42
Q

How does smoking cause disease? (Tar)

A

Tar clogs up lungs and makes it more difficult to breathe, leads to emphysema

43
Q

How people’s attitudes to smoking have changed?

A

Fewer people are smoking
People are more aware of effects of passive smoking
Cigarette packages carry health warnings
Smoking bans have been introduced to public places
Age limit for buying cigarettes has been raised

Biology (7 decks)

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