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A2 Biology 1 > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

Which coenzymes are used in aerobic respiration?

A

NAD, FAD, and coenzyme A

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2
Q

The 4 stages in aerobic respiration are…

A

Glycolysis
The link reaction
The Krebs cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation

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3
Q

What is made from glucose in glycolysis?

A

Pyruvate

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4
Q

What is made before the pyruvate in glycolysis?

A

2 x TP

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5
Q

What 2 steps happen in glycolysis?

A

Glucose is phosphorylated, using ATP to make 2 x TP, and then oxidised using NAD to make 2 pyruvate, a net gain of 2 ATP and 2 NADH.

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6
Q

Where is the NADH from glycolysis used?

A

In oxidative phosphorylation

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7
Q

Where is the pyruvate from glycolysis used?

A

The link reaction

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8
Q

Why does glucose need to be converted into pyruvate?

A

Because glucose can’t cross the mitochondrial membrane

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9
Q

How is most of the ATP produced in aerobic respiration?

A

When H+ (protons) diffuse through ATP synthase.

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10
Q

Where is ATP synthase located?

A

In the inner membranes of the mitochondria

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11
Q

What is the link reaction?

A

When pyruvate, fromed in glycolysisenters the matrix of a mitochondrion and combines with coenzyme A to form acetyl coenzyme A

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12
Q

What is lost by the pyruvate in the link reaction?

A

It loses a carbon atom and a molesule of CO2 is formed

It loses H+ (protons) which are taken up by NAD to form NADH

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13
Q

Since 2 molecules of pyruvate are formed from the glucose in glycolysis, what do we get at the end of the link reaction per molecule of glucose?

A

2 molecules of acetyl coenzymeA
2 molecules of CO2
2 molecules of NADH

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14
Q

Where does the link reaction take place?

A

In the matrix of the mitochondria

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15
Q

Where does the Krebs cycle take place?

A

In the matrix of the mitochondria

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16
Q

What does Acetyl coenzyme A react with to make Citrate (6C)

A

Oxaloacetate (4C), the acetylcoenzyme A is turned back into Coenzyme A

17
Q

What is the citrate (6C) turned into?

A

alpha ketoglutarate (5C) and then back to oxaloacetate (4C)

18
Q

When citrate is turned into alpha ketoglutarate what is lost?

A

CO2 and NAD becomes NADH

19
Q

What is lost when alpha ketoglutarate (5C) becomes oxaloacetate (4C)?

A

CO2
ADP becomes ATP
2 x NAD are reduced to NADH
and FAD become reduced to FADH

20
Q

What do you get for each turn of the Krebs cycle?

A

One molecule of ATP (produced by substrate level phosphorylation)
3 NAD to NADH
1 FAD to FADH
2 x CO2

21
Q

What are the most important things produced by the Krebs cycle which are needed in the ETC?

A

NADH

FADH

22
Q

What is the name of the process by which the chemical potential energy in NADH and FADH is used to produce ATP in the ETC?

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

23
Q

Where does the ETC take place in the mitochondria?

A

The inner membranes

24
Q

What happens first in the ETC?

A

NADH binds with the first proton pump releasing H+ and e-.

25
Q

As the electrons are transferred in the ETC what is released and how is it used?

A

More energy, used to power the movement of more protons through proton pumps 2 and 3

26
Q

What is the terminal electron acceptor in the ETC?

A

Oxygen

27
Q

What happens at the end of the ETC?

A

The electrons combine with protons and oxygen to form water

28
Q

Approximately how much ATP is formed in the ETC and how?

A

34 ATP by oxidative phosphorylation

29
Q

Approximately, what is the net gain of ATP in aerobic respiration per molecule of glucose?

A

36 ATP

30
Q

Which part of the 4 processes is the only part of anaerobic respiration?

A

Glycolysis

31
Q

In anaerobic respiration how much ATP do you get?

A

2 ATP

32
Q

Why is there no ETC in anaerobic respiration?

A

No oxygen to be terminal electron acceptor

33
Q

What does reduced NAD do to pyruvate in anaerobic respiration?

A

It is reduced to lactate ot ethanol leaving NAD available for glycolysis to continue

34
Q

How much ATP is made in both types of respiration?

A

36 in aerobic

2 in anaerobic

35
Q

What name is given for what happens in the ETC?

A

Chemiosmosis making ATP by oxidative phosphorylation

36
Q

If you were doing and experiment looking at anaerobic respiration why might you use paraffin or oil to cover your yeast solution?

A

To stop oxygen getting in.

A2 Biology 1 (9 decks)

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