Respiration Flashcards
What refers to the phenomenon of the lungs snapping back to their resting size after having been stretched?
Elastic recoil
Measure of the magnitude of change in lung volume accomplished by given change in the transmural pressure gradient
Compliance
_______ is the erythrocytic enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of CO2 into HCO3
Carbonic anhydrase
Reaction that takes place in the pulmonary capillaries
Hb + O2 –> HbO2
Arterial PO2 of 55 mm Hg stimulates (peripheral or central) chemoreceptors?
Peripheral
Elevated arterial PCO2 weakly stimulates (peripheral or central) chemoreceptors?
Peripheral
Elevated arterial H+ concentration stimulates (peripheral or central) chemoreceptors?
Peripheral
Elevated brain H+ induced by an elevated arterial PCO2 stimulates (peripheral or central) chemoreceptors?
Central
Arterial PO2 of 80 mm Hg stimulates (peripheral or central) chemoreceptors?
Neither!!
Normal range is 60-100 mm Hg
PO2 in the blood entering the pulmonary capillaries is ____ than PO2 in alveoli
Less than
PCO2 in the blood entering pulmonary capillaries is ___ PCO2 in alveolli
Greater than
PO2 in alveoli ___ PO2 in blood leaving pulmonary capillaries
Equals
PCO2 in alveoli is ___ PCO2 in blood leaving the pulmonary capillaries
Equal to
PO2 in blood leaving pulmonary capillaries is ___ PO2 in blood entering systemic capillaries
Equal to
PCO2 in blood leaving pulmonary capillaries is ___ PCO2 in blood entering systemic capillaries
Equal to
PO2 in blood entering systemic capillaries is ___ PO2 in tissue cells
Greater than
PCO2 in blood entering systemic capillaries is ___ PCO2 in tissue cells
Less than
PO2 in tissue cells is ___ PO2 in blood leaving systemic capillaries
Approximately equal to
PCO2 in tissue cells is ___ PCO2 in blood leaving systemic capillaries
Approximately equal to
PO2 in blood leaving systemic capillaries is ___ PO2 in blood entering pulmonary capillaries
Equal to
PCO2 in blood leaving systemic capillaries is ___ PCO2 in blood entering pulmonary capillaries
Equal to
Total amount of air moved in and out of the respiratory system each minute
Tidal volume x Respiratory rate
Minute respiratory volume
Volume of air that is available for gas exchange each minute
Alveolar ventilation rate
2 factors that cause the lungs to tend to collapse
Elastic recoil
Surface tension of alveolar fluid
2 factors that keep the lungs from collapsing
Intrapleural pressure
Surfactant
What might increase erythrocyte production?
Prolonged stay at high altitude
Erythropoietin
The transmural pressure gradient…
Stretches the lungs to fill the thoracic cavity
Airway resistance
Is increased when airway radius decreases
When airway resistance is elevated, the pressure gradient between the lungs and atmosphere must _______.
Increase
What will cause the O2-hb dissociation curve to shift right?
Temperature increase
PCO2 increase
Acidity increase
The plateau portion of the O2-Hb curve
Is in the blood PO2 range that exists at pulmonary capillaries
Hb becomes almost completely saturated in lungs
The amount of oxygen unloaded from hemoglobin at the tissue level increases when…
PCO2 in the tissues increases
DPG concentration in RBCs increases
The change in lung volume produced by a given change in transpulmonary pressure in the lung
Compliance
Chloride ions move into the RBC when
Bicarbonate moves out of the RBC
Hemoglobin molecule with an oxygen molecule bound to each of its four heme groups
Saturated hemoglobin
O2-Hb curve will shift _____, resulting in a lower affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
Right
Amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin will decrease when:
pH decreases (PCO2 increases)
Temperature increases
Inflammation of the pleural sac
Pleuracy
Alveolar wall is ____ cell layer(s) thick
One
The wall of the pulmonary capillary surrounding an alveolus is ___ cells layer(s) thick
One
Alveolar wall and pulmonary capillary are components of the _____ _____.
Respiratory membrane
Boyle’s Law
At any constant temperature, the pressure of a gas varies inversely with the volume of the gas
Air in the pleural cavity
Pneumothorax
A ______ pressure across the chest wall influences lung movement.
Transmural
Volume occupied by the conducting airway
Dead space
Primary factor that determines the % Hb saturation
Oxygen partial pressure
Pulmonary surfactant contributes to lung stability by ____ surface tension
Decreasing
