Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Components of the baroreceptor reflex

Answer 1

Total Peripheral Resistance

Venous compliance

Myocardial contractility

Question 2

Fluid enters the venous end of a capillary primarily because of….

Answer 2

A decrease in capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 3

What might result in edema?

Answer 3

Increased venous pressure

Increased capillary permeability

Increased blood volume

Standing motionless for a long period of time

Question 4

What may cause circulatory shock?

Answer 4

Severe hemorrhage

Severe diarrhea/vomiting

Heart failure

Generalized infection

Question 5

What enhances the exchange that occurs between capillary walls and the interstitial spaces?

Answer 5

Thinness of capillary wall

Extensive branching of capillaries

Slow blood flow through the capillaries

Question 6

Hormonal mechanisms that influence BP include?

Answer 6

Adrenal medullary, renin-angiotensin, ADH, atrial natriuretic

Question 7

Part of ECG that occurs at the beginning of ventricular diastole

Answer 7

T wave

Question 8

What would increase after a major loss of salt and water in sweat?

Answer 8

ADH, renin, and aldosterone secretions

Question 9

What might increase mean arterial pressure?

Answer 9

Increased peripheral resistance, blood volume, or venous return

Question 10

Increased pressure in the aortic arch results in

Answer 10

Increased parasympathetic impulses to the heart

Question 11

Blood osmotic pressure

Answer 11

Is due to the presence of plasma proteins that can’t penetrate the capillary wall

Tends to draw fluid into the capillary

Question 12

What could be associated with edema?

Answer 12

Extensive burns

Congestive heart failure

Kidney disease

Question 13

Where are the baroreceptors located?

Answer 13

Carotid arteries

Aortic arch

Question 14

Which two pressures act to move fluid into the capillaries?

Answer 14

Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

Blood osmotic pressure

Question 15

Capillary characteristics

Answer 15

Water filled pores

Thin walls

Slow blood velocity

Large total surface area

Question 16

Capillaries are absent of _____

Answer 16

Smooth muscle

Question 17

Angiotensin II stimulates…

Answer 17

The adrenal cortex to release aldosterone

Question 18

During the P-Q interval of the ECG,

Answer 18

The atria are depolarized

Question 19

ECG determines

Answer 19

Heart rate

Question 20

Which component of the ECG reflects AV delay?

Answer 20

P-R segment

Question 21

The relationship between venous return and cardiac output

Answer 21

Frank-Starling

Question 22

Venous capacity depends on the ____ on the vein walls

Answer 22

Distensibility

Question 23

During heart failure, an increased ____ eventually leads to lung congestion

Answer 23

Afterload

Question 24

Movement of fluid out of the capillaries into the interstitial fluid

Answer 24

Filtration

Question 25

Primary mechanism for exchange of individual solutes across the capillary wall

Answer 25

Passive diffusion

Question 26

This process is responsible for determining distribution of extracellular fluid volume between plasma and interstitial fluid

Answer 26

Bulk flow

Question 27

Increase in parasympathetic activity ____ AV-nodal delay

Answer 27

Increases

Question 28

If arterial blood pressure suddenly decreases, HR and stroke volume will _____

Answer 28

Increase

Question 29

Mean arterial pressure increases when these increase

Answer 29

Peripheral resistance

Stroke volume

Question 30

Involves secretion of Epi and NE

Answer 30

Adrenal medullary mechanism

Question 31

Involves release of an enzyme from the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidneys

Answer 31

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism

Question 32

Involves the secretion of a hormone from the posterior pituitary

Answer 32

Vasopressin (ADH) mechanism

Question 33

Involves the release of a polypeptide from the heart

Answer 33

Atrial natriuretic mechanism