Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Components of the baroreceptor reflex
Total Peripheral Resistance
Venous compliance
Myocardial contractility
Fluid enters the venous end of a capillary primarily because of….
A decrease in capillary hydrostatic pressure
What might result in edema?
Increased venous pressure
Increased capillary permeability
Increased blood volume
Standing motionless for a long period of time
What may cause circulatory shock?
Severe hemorrhage
Severe diarrhea/vomiting
Heart failure
Generalized infection
What enhances the exchange that occurs between capillary walls and the interstitial spaces?
Thinness of capillary wall
Extensive branching of capillaries
Slow blood flow through the capillaries
Hormonal mechanisms that influence BP include?
Adrenal medullary, renin-angiotensin, ADH, atrial natriuretic
Part of ECG that occurs at the beginning of ventricular diastole
T wave
What would increase after a major loss of salt and water in sweat?
ADH, renin, and aldosterone secretions
What might increase mean arterial pressure?
Increased peripheral resistance, blood volume, or venous return
Increased pressure in the aortic arch results in
Increased parasympathetic impulses to the heart
Blood osmotic pressure
Is due to the presence of plasma proteins that can’t penetrate the capillary wall
Tends to draw fluid into the capillary
What could be associated with edema?
Extensive burns
Congestive heart failure
Kidney disease
Where are the baroreceptors located?
Carotid arteries
Aortic arch
Which two pressures act to move fluid into the capillaries?
Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
Blood osmotic pressure
Capillary characteristics
Water filled pores
Thin walls
Slow blood velocity
Large total surface area
Capillaries are absent of _____
Smooth muscle
Angiotensin II stimulates…
The adrenal cortex to release aldosterone
During the P-Q interval of the ECG,
The atria are depolarized
ECG determines
Heart rate
Which component of the ECG reflects AV delay?
P-R segment
The relationship between venous return and cardiac output
Frank-Starling
Venous capacity depends on the ____ on the vein walls
Distensibility
During heart failure, an increased ____ eventually leads to lung congestion
Afterload
Movement of fluid out of the capillaries into the interstitial fluid
Filtration
Primary mechanism for exchange of individual solutes across the capillary wall
Passive diffusion
This process is responsible for determining distribution of extracellular fluid volume between plasma and interstitial fluid
Bulk flow
Increase in parasympathetic activity ____ AV-nodal delay
Increases
If arterial blood pressure suddenly decreases, HR and stroke volume will _____
Increase
Mean arterial pressure increases when these increase
Peripheral resistance
Stroke volume
Involves secretion of Epi and NE
Adrenal medullary mechanism
Involves release of an enzyme from the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidneys
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism
Involves the secretion of a hormone from the posterior pituitary
Vasopressin (ADH) mechanism
Involves the release of a polypeptide from the heart
Atrial natriuretic mechanism
