Respiration Flashcards
Word Equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide and water
ATP released during process
Why do we need to respire ?
To keep warm
To have a constant body temp
Active transport
Making larger molecules from smaller ones
Breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones
Allowing muscles to contract
Where does glucose come from in the body / plants ?
Digesting food / photosynthesis
Chemical equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O
What could a lack of energy from respiration cause ?
Get cold as your temperature can’t be regulated
Stop growing + lose weight as not enough energy to, energy is used in stores instead
What happens to muscles during exercise ?
They contract using energy from aerobic respiration.
More energy required than at rest, so more respiration.
How do muscles and the liver store glucose ?
As glycogen, which can quickly be converted back to glucose during exercise
What happens to breathing rate and heart rate during exercise ?
Increases - for an increased oxygen supply in blood ( for muscle cells ), and for increased removal of carbon dioxide
Why do we sweat during exercise ?
Water is a byproduct of aerobic respiration
Sweat evaporates from the surface of the skin, therefore losing heat
Why do we get hot and go red during exercise ?
Vasodilation - capillaries near the skin dilate and move blood to the surface, where heat can be lost via radiation.
Aerobic respiration is an exothermic reaction - heat energy is transferred to blood
What is a low energy need ?
Low rate of aerobic respiration
Low demand for glucose and oxygen = low heart + breathing rate
Word equation fro anaerobic respiration in animals
Glucose —> lactic acid (+energy)
Why do we anaerobically respire ?
During hard exercise, there isn’t enough oxygen to meet energy demands, so anaerobic respiration takes place as well as aerobic respiration.
Why is lactic acid bad for us ?
It is poisonous to muscles. It stops them contracting and relaxing. They become fatigued.
Word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants
Glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy
How do muscles return to normal after anaerobic respiration ?
Oxygen breaks down the lactic acid
Word equation for oxygen breaking down lactic acid
Lactic acid + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water
Oxygen debt
The amount of oxygen required to break down lactic acid produced in anaerobic respiration.
How does increased breathing rate help recovery from anaerobic respiration ?
It allows more oxygen to be taken in, which can be used to break down lactic acid.
It also removes the CO2 build up in tissues.
How does increased heart rate help recovery from anaerobic respiration ?
It means that lactic acid in the blood can be taken to the liver quicker to be broken down into glucose, then glycogen to restore levels in the liver and muscles.
It also means there is an increased supply of oxygen and glucose, allowing muscles to stop respiring anaerobically.
What is metabolism ?
The term used for all chemical reactions taking place in the body. These reactions build up molecules and break them downing energy from respiration, controlled by enzymes.
What does the hepatic portal vein do ?
Carries blood containing digested food from the intestines to the liver
What does the hepatic artery do ?
Brings oxygenated blood to the liver
What does the hepatic vein do ?
Carries blood from the liver to the heart
How does the liver break down lactic acid ?
Converts it to glucose, then glycogen. This can then restore the glycogen levels in the liver and in muscle cells.
