Respiration

Question 1

Upper airways consist of :

Answer 1

Nose, Paranasal sinus, Pharynx, Larynx

Question 2

Lower airways consist of :

Answer 2

Trachea, Brochi, Bronchioles, Alveoli

Question 3

Alveoli are thin-walled air sacs & site of :

Answer 3

Gas exchange

Question 4

The alveolar epithelial cells are 2 types ; Type 1 are flat thin cells for Gas exchange & Type 2 secrete :

Answer 4

Lung Surfactant

Question 5

Surfactant prevents :

Answer 5

Lung Collapse & Decreases tension surface of alveoli lining fluid

Question 6

In premature babies, Surfactant is deficient leading to inability of the neonate to ventilate adequately, this condition called :

Answer 6

Respiratory distress syndrome

Question 7

Each lungs is covered by :

Answer 7

Pleural sac

Question 8

Name the 2 layers of pleura :

Answer 8

Visceral layer (lung cover) & Parietal layer (lining thorax wall)

Question 9

The respiratory rate :

Answer 9

12-20/min

Question 10

Each respiratory cycle is divided into :

Answer 10

Inspiration, Expiration, Expiratory pause

Question 11

Normal quiet inspiration is an :

Answer 11

Active process

Question 12

Normal quiet inspiration is an active process leading contraction of :

Answer 12

External intercostal muscles & Diaphragm

Question 13

Diaphragm increases thorax volume around :

Answer 13

75%

Question 14

Accordingly in normal inspiration, Chest expands pulling :

Answer 14

Parietal pleura -> Increase Negative intrapleural pressure-> pulling Visceral pleura & Lungs

Question 15

Name the other more muscles that contract in forced inspiration :

Answer 15

Sternomastoid, Scalene, Serratus muscles causing more Chest expansion

Question 16

Normal quiet expiration is a :

Answer 16

Passive process

Question 17

The lungs recoil by their :

Answer 17

Elasticity

Question 18

Forced expiration is an :

Answer 18

Active process

Question 19

Forced expiration involves :

Answer 19

Contraction of internal intercostal muscles, decreasing chest diameter & anterior abdominal muscles to push diaphragm upwards to decrease thoracic length & volume of chest

Question 20

Tidal volume is the volume of :

Answer 20

Air inspired & expired during normal quite breathing

Question 21

Tidal volume equals :

Answer 21

500 ml

Question 22

Inspiratory reserve volume is the extra volume of air :

Answer 22

Can be inspired over the tidal volume during forced inspiration

Question 23

Inspiratory reserve volume equals :

Answer 23

3000 ml

Question 24

Expiratory reserve volume is the extra volume of air :

Answer 24

Can be expired over the tidal volume during forced expiration

Question 25

Expiratory reserve volume equals :

Answer 25

1100 ml

Question 26

Residual volume is the volume of air :

Answer 26

Remaining in lungs after forced expiration

Question 27

Residual volume equals :

Answer 27

1200 ml

Question 28

Vital capacity is the maximal volume of air :

Answer 28

Can be expired during forced expiration after forced inspiration

Question 29

Vital capacity equlas :

Answer 29

500 ml + 3000 ml + 1100 = 4600 ml

Question 30

O2 & CO2 physical solutions dissolved in :

Answer 30

Plasma

Question 31

Gas exchange takes place through :

Answer 31

Pulmonary membrane