Circulation 2

Question 1

Cardiac cycle describes the series of events that occur during :

Answer 1

Complete heartbeat

Question 2

Each cycle consists of :

Answer 2

Systole (contraction) followed by Diastole (relaxation)

Question 3

Atria & ventricles don’t contract at same time, Atrial systole :

Answer 3

Precedes Ventricular systole

Question 4

The duration of each cycle =

Answer 4

0.8 second

Question 5

5 Phases of cardiac cycle :

Answer 5

Atrial systole phase, Isovolumetric contraction phase, Ventricular ejection phase, Isovolumetric relaxation phase, Ventricular filling phase

Question 6

In atrial systole phase, The volume of blood inside each ventricle at the end of the phase is called :

Answer 6

End diastolic volume

Question 7

In atrial systole phase, The volume of blood inside each ventricle at the end of the phase is called end Diastolic volume & is about :

Answer 7

135 ml

Question 8

In isovolumetric contraction phase the ventricles start to contract & blood return back to atria through AV valves leading to :

Answer 8

Closure of AV valves (tricuspid& bicuspid)

Question 9

In isovolumetric contraction phase the ventricles start to contract leading to Closure of AV valves giving :

Answer 9

First heart sound

Question 10

In ventricular ejection phase, The volume of blood remains in each ventricle at end of phase is called :

Answer 10

End systolic volume

Question 11

In ventricular ejection phase, The volume of blood remains in each ventricle at end of phase is called end Systolic volume & is about :

Answer 11

65 ml

Question 12

In Isovolumetric relaxation phase, the blood pressure inside ventricles decrease & blood return to ventricles through semilunar valves leading to :

Answer 12

Closure of semilunar valves (pulmonary & aortic valves)

Question 13

In Isovolumetric relaxation phase, the blood pressure inside ventricles decrease & blood return to ventricles through semilunar valves leading to Closure of semilunar valves giving :

Answer 13

Second heart sound

Question 14

In ventricular filling phase, enumerate the percent of blood in atria had passed into ventricles :

Answer 14

70%

Question 15

First heart sound occurs during the involumetric contraction phase due to closure of :

Answer 15

Atrioventricular valves

Question 16

First heart sound like :

Answer 16

Lub

Question 17

Second heart sound like :

Answer 17

Dub

Question 18

Second heart sound occurs during the involumetric relaxation phase due to closure of :

Answer 18

Aortic & Pulmonary valves

Question 19

Name the abnormal heart sounds :

Answer 19

Heart Murmurs

Question 20

Cardiac output (CO) is the :

Answer 20

Volume of blood pumped from each ventricle per minute

Question 21

Cardiac output (CO) =

Answer 21

Heart rate x Stroke volume
~75/min x 70 ml
= ~5 liters/min

Question 22

Sympathetic stimulation Increases cardiac output by increasing :

Answer 22

Heart rate & Contractility

Question 23

Adrenaline & noradrenaline Increases cardiac output by increasing :

Answer 23

Heart rate & Contractility

Question 24

Parasympathetic (vagus) stimulation Decreases cardiac output by :

Answer 24

Decreasing heart rate

Question 25

Arterial blood pressure (ADP) is pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the :

Answer 25

Blood vessels walls

Question 26

Systolic blood pressure (SBP), during systole, ABP increases by blood pumping into aorta. Average SBP is :

Answer 26

120 mmHg

Question 27

Average Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is :

Answer 27

80 mmHg

Question 28

Pulse pressure normal value is :

Answer 28

40 mmHg

Question 29

3 Factors which determine arterial blood pressure :

Answer 29

Cardiac output (CO): heart rate x stroke volume, Total peripheral resistance: arteries diameter, Blood volume

Question 30

Cardiovascular centers present in :

Answer 30

Medulla

Question 31

Name pressor area that sends impulses to heart via sympathetic fibers to increase HR & force of contraction leading to increase CO & ABP :

Answer 31

Cardiac simulatory center (CSC)

Question 32

Name pressor area that increases ABP :

Answer 32

Vasoconstrictor area

Question 33

Name depressor area that sends impulses to heat via parasympathetic fibers to decrease HR leading to decrease CO & ABP :

Answer 33

Cardiac inhibitory center (CIC)

Question 34

Name depressor area that decreases ABP :

Answer 34

Vasodilator center (VDC)

Question 35

The activity of cardiovascular centers is regulated by impulses coming from higher centers in brain & from :

Answer 35

Arterial baroreceptors

Question 36

Arterial baroreceptors present in :

Answer 36

Aortic arch & Carotid sinus

Question 37

Arterial baroreceptors detect changes in :

Answer 37

ABP

Question 38

Arterial baroreceptors send impulses to :

Answer 38

Medullary cardiovascular centers

Question 39

Renin-angiotensin system ; Name the peptide produced by liver :

Answer 39

Angiotensinogen

Question 40

Angiotensinogen is converted to :

Answer 40

Angiotensin I by Renin

Question 41

Name an enzyme produced by Kidneys in response to decrease ABP :

Answer 41

Renin

Question 42

Angiotensin I is converted to Angiotensin II by :

Answer 42

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)

Question 43

Angiotensin II increases ABP by :

Answer 43

Vasoconstriction & Aldosterone hormone stimulation

Question 44

Aldosterone hormone is secreted from :

Answer 44

Adrenal gland

Question 45

Aldosterone increases :

Answer 45

Na+ & Water reabsorption by kidney

Question 46

Vasopressin hormone ; ADH is secreted from :

Answer 46

Pituitary gland

Question 47

ADH produces :

Answer 47

VC

Question 48

ADH increases :

Answer 48

Water reabsorption by kidney

Question 49

Hypertension is a persistent elevation of arterial blood pressure above :

Answer 49

140/90 mmHg

Question 50

Essential (Primary) hypertension ; 90% of cases has no :

Answer 50

Clear cause

Question 51

Secondary hypertension ; 10% of cases has :

Answer 51

Secondary to other diseases

Question 52

Hypotension is a state of lowered arterial blood pressure below :

Answer 52

90/60 mmHg

Question 53

Name 2 causes of Hypertension :

Answer 53

Hemorrhage & Fluid loss

Question 54

it is a state of Acute Circulatory Failure resulting in Inadequate Tissue Perfusion & tissue Ischemia & Hypoxia :

Answer 54

Shock

Question 55

Name a shock that is due to nervous conditions that lead to marked Decrease Sympathetic & Increase Parasympathetic :

Answer 55

Neurogenic shock

Question 56

Name a shock that due is due to marked Decrease in Cardiac Output as in Heart failure :

Answer 56

Cardiogenic shock

Question 57

Name a shock that is due to Reduced blood volume as in severe Hemorrhage :

Answer 57

Hypovolemic shock

Question 58

Name a shock that is due to severe Allergy (hypersensitivity) leading to Histamine release which causes severe Vasodilation :

Answer 58

Anaphylactic shock

Question 59

Name a shock that is due to Septicemia & Toxins release which cause severe Vasodilation :

Answer 59

Septic shock