Respiration Flashcards
What are the phases of the TCA cycle?
- 6 carbon phase
- 5 carbon phase
- 4 carbon phase
What are the results of TCA?
Get 3 NADH and 1 FADH - high energy electrons
GTP made
Intermediates of TCA are also used in biosynthetic pathways
What are the results of beta oxidation?
Each turn removes 2 carbons
Acetyl-CoA goes into TCA `
What is reuse of component in fat catabolism?
Whenever possible the cell will reuse a carrier, cofactor enzyme.
What is the funneling component in fat catabolism?
Cells also try to reuse common pathways a given substrate will be converted into a common metabolite and then funneled into an already existing pathway
Iron-sulfur proteins contain….
iron sulfur clusters that carry electrons
What are cytochromes?
Proteins that contain heme cofactors
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
Series of e- carriers in the membrane
terminal electron acceptor is oxygen
What purpose does the membrane serve in electron transport?
- Separate charge
- Holds respiration components
What is the key of electron carriers in the membrane?
spatial arrangements
What is a mechanism for generating ion gradients?
PUMP and transfer of electrons between different types of carriers
What happens in the cyto b/c1 complex?
Quinone gets reduced
gets protons from NH-Fe protein
protons from cytoplasm
donated to cytochrome b/c 1 complex
More protons moved across the membrane
How does the cytochrome oxidase work?
Electrons come from cytochrome c
Eventually reduce O2 forming H2O
Mechanisms involves conformational change of protein
What are the components of ATP synthase?
F0 - motor and proton “water wheel”
F1 - ATP synthesis, changes conformation
What are electron acceptors for aerobic respiration?
oxygen
What are electron acceptors for anaerobic respiration?
Nitrate
Sulfate
Fe3+ other oxidized metals
Carbon dioxide
Organic compounds including aromatic and halogenated compounds
what is bioremediation?
Microorganisms are increibly versatile in their degradation capabilities (oil degradation and plastic degradation)
What is oil bioremediation?
- Complex assortment of hydrocarbons
- A community is needed to degraded it
- There are 79 known genera that can degrade oil
What is an example degradation pathway?
- Convert octane to fatty acid
- Pass through beta oxidation
- Then to TCA cycle
- Convert chemicals to common compounds
