Respiration

Question 1

What organs are involved in respiration?

Answer 1

Nose, pharynx (throat), respiratory tract, thoracic wall (bones of the thorax), diaphragm

Question 2

For respiration, A ciliated mucous membrane lines most of the passages of organs used, what does this do?

Answer 2

This slimy secretion helps to keep the passages moist, and to trap bacteria and dust.

Question 3

What are the two parts of the Pharynx and where do they lead?

Answer 3

The larynx, which leads to the lungs and respiratory system
The oesophagus, which leads to the stomach and digestive system

Question 4

The thorax wall (chest) provides a protective enclosure for the lungs, what body parts make up this protective enclosure?

Answer 4

The thoracic spinal column
The ribs
The sternum

Question 5

How many lobes do the right and left lungs have and why?

Answer 5

3 in the right and 2 left, to accommodate the heart on the left side

Question 6

The pharynx is a cone-shaped opening, common to both the digestive and respiratory systems.

Answer 6

It receives air from the nasal cavity and air, food and water from the mouth.

Question 7

The larynx is a valve that separates the trachea (or windpipe) from the upper aero-digestive tract. It is an important regulator of respiration.

Answer 7

A fold of tissue called the epiglottis covers the larynx when food is swallowed to prevent the food ‘going down the wrong way’.

Question 8

What happens to the respiratory centre of the brain when the level of CO2 in the blood is high?

Answer 8

The respiratory centre stimulates the respiratory system to greater activity

Question 9

What happens to the respiratory centre of the brain when the level of CO2 in the blood is lower?

Answer 9

If carbon Dioxide concentration becomes lower, the rate of breathing is reduced

Question 10

What muscles are responsible single for respiration?

Answer 10

The intercostal muscles and the diaphragm

Question 11

What is ‘stroke volume’?

Answer 11

Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle in a single heart beat

Question 12

What happens to blood vessels in the skeletal muscles when exercise begins?

Answer 12

They dilate (become larger) to allow more blood flow, this causes blood pressure to drop. This is detected by the brain and so heart rate is Iincreases to keep the pressure uo

Question 13

What happens to the resting heart rate of sedentary individuals who begin endurance training?

Answer 13

A decrease by around 1 bpm every 10-14 days for the first 6 months of an endurance training programme.

Question 14

How do we measure cardiac output?

Answer 14

Cardiac output is heart rate (HR) x stroke volume (SV).