Respiration Flashcards
What is respiration?
The exchange of gas between the body and the atmosphere
What events are apart of respiration?
Ventilation, cellular respiration, internal respiration (in tissues), external respiration, and transport of gases
Aerobic respiration of cellular respiration allows for
ATP production and production of Carbonic acid from CO2
The upper respiratory system consists of
Pharynx
Nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses
Nose
Lower respiratory system consists of
Larynx
Trachea
Lungs
Bronchi
What is the conducting zone?
Made up of airways - passage which air travels on its way towards the air sac of the lung
What is the respiratory zone?
Contains air sacs, site of gas exchange
Beneath the skin of the nose there is
Cartilage and bones also dense fibrous tissue lined with respiratory epithelium
At the superior part of the nose what is formed?
Two nasal bones
What are the parts of the nose?
Root, dorsum, apex, Phil trim, vermillion of the lips, nasal septum, naris
Bones in the upper part of the nose
Frontal bone, nasal bone and frontal process of the maxilla
Cartilage present in the lower nose
Septal cartilage, minor alar cartilage, accessory and lateral nasal cartilage
Bones found on the inside
Vomer, inferior, superior and middle concha
The nasal cavity is continuous with?
Sinuses
Bones and cartilages of the lateral wall
Palatine process of the maxilla, horizontal plate of the palatine bone, frontal process of the maxilla, ethmoid, nasal bone, frontal bone, middle/superior/inferior concha, base hard palate
Medial wall (cartilage and bones)
Vomer
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid
Hard palate
Septal nasal cartilage
What is the nasal crest of the palatine and maxilla ?
Hard palate
Nasal cavity has
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cillia and goblet cells
What are the paranasal sinuses
Air filled cavities in the frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid bones as well as maxillae.
Functions of paranasal sinus
Resonating chamber for the voice
Decrease weight of the skull
Aid in warming and moisturizing air
Act as shock absorber
Possible control the immune system
The development of the sinuses begin
Fetal life
Only sinus developed to show radiographing at birth
Maxillary
When does the maxillary sinus fully develop?
14
When does the frontal and sphenoid become dostimguishable from ethmoids?
By age 6 to 7
When are ethmoids fully developed
Age 17 to 18
Properties of maxillary sinus
It is the largest
Most symmetric
Vary in size and shape
Pyramidal I’m shape
Drains in middle meatus
Properties of the frontal sinus
Second largest
Vary in size and shape
Rarely symmetric occasionally absent
Drains into middle meatus
Where is the frontal sinus located
Between the vertical plates of the frontal bone
Sphenoid sinus characteristics
Normally paired with speta
Usually asymmetric
Vary in size and shape
Drains anteriorly into spheno- ethmoidal recess
Location of spenoid sinus
Located below sells turnica and extend between dorsum and posterior ethmoids
Location of ethmoidal sinus
Within upper lateral wall of nasal cavity
Three main groups of air sacs in ethmoidal sinus
Anterior (2 - 8) hiatus semilunars (middle meatus)
Posterior (2-6) superior meatus
Middle (2-8) ethomoidal bulla (middle meatus)
Pharynx purpose
Passage way for food and air
Location of pharynx
Front of the vertebrae and behind mouth, nose and larynx
What are the three portions of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx
Laryngeal pharynx
Oropharynx
Length of pharynx
13 cm (5 inches)
When does it join the esophagus
Level c6-7
What is the nasopharynx
Lies posteriorly above hard and soft palates
Communicates anteriorly with posterior apertures of the nose
Oropharynx
Area extending from soft bone to hyoid
What forms the anterior wall of the osopharynx
Base of the tongue
Laryngeal pharynx
Lies posterior to larynx
Organ of voice
Larynx
Upper pair of vocal cord?
False vocal cord
Trachea is called and length
Windpipe 2.5*12.5
