Respiration

Question 1

What is respiration?

Answer 1

It is a chemical reaction that breaks down nutrients in living cells to release energy

Question 2

How to test for carbon dioxide

Answer 2

You use limewater and if it goes cloudy, carbon dioxide is present

Question 3

What is the formula for aerobic respiration?

Answer 3

glucose+oxygen-> carbon dioxide+ water+ energy (form of ATP which helps you do everything)

Question 4

Does alveoli have a big or small surface area?

Answer 4

It has a large surface area of 70m2.

Question 5

What are the parts of the lungs in order

Answer 5

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli.

Question 6

What does the diaphragm do?

Answer 6

The diaphragm moves down when you inhale and moves up when you exhale. It beats in sync but when it goes out of sync you get hiccups.

Question 7

What does the trachea do?

Answer 7

It allows air to come in and out during inhalation and exhalation.

Question 8

What does the bronchus do?

Answer 8

Send air to the bronchioles

Question 9

What is the purpose of alveoli?

Answer 9

Oxygen is absorbed by the alveoli is sent to tissues and organs while carbon dioxide goes back to the bronchioles to the trachea to be exhaled.

Question 9

What does the bronchioles do?

Answer 9

Deliver air to alveoli

Question 10

What are C rings?

Answer 10

They are rings found in the trachea that expand to receive more air

Question 11

What are muscles called in between the ribs called

Answer 11

Intercostal muscles. They help move the ribs during respiration.

Question 12

What do animal cells absorb though diffusion?

Answer 12

Oxygen

Question 13

What part of the cell does carbon dioxide have to pass through in a plant cell

Answer 13

Cell membrane

Question 14

All parts of a plant cell

Answer 14

Nucleus, mitochondria, cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall, chloroplasts and the permanent vacuole

Question 15

What are the types of respiration called

Answer 15

Aerobic and anaerobic

Question 16

What is the formula for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 16

glucose -> lactic acid+ energy

Question 17

What is fermentation

Answer 17

When bacteria or yeast break down glucose anaerobically. In yeast, ethanol and carbon dioxide is also produced.

Question 18

What part of the cell does anaerobic respiration take place?

Answer 18

Cytoplasm

Question 19

Why is it important that barley has sugar in beer making?

Answer 19

Barley has glucose. Glucose is the food for the yeast which produces the ethanol.

Question 20

What happens during inhalation

Answer 20

Your rib cage moves up and your intercostal muscles contract. The diaphragm moves down/ contracts to reduce pressure and increase the volume of air taken in.

Question 21

What is the area of your body called between your neck and abdomen

Answer 21

Thorax

Question 22

Why is carbon dioxide present in the body?

Answer 22

It is a byproduct of aerobic respiration and is later exhaled.

Question 23

3 ways how lungs are adapted.

Answer 23

The trachea has C rings, alveoli has a large surface area and the alveoli walls are one cell thick great for gases to easily pass through

Question 24

Name 3 lung diseases

Answer 24

Tuberculosis, asthma and pleurisy

Question 25

Name 3 common causes of lung disease

Answer 25

Smoking, obesity and viruses

Question 26

How can you measure lung volume?

Answer 26

A person will breathe into a tube and a spirometer graph is plotted

Question 27

What is the term for a fuel that comes from recent living organisms

Answer 27

Biofuel

Question 28

What happens to Usain Bolt in a sprint?

Answer 28

He runs quickly but does not have enough time to breathe air so he respires anaerobically. After he finishes the race, he tries to take in as much oxygen to neutralise the lactic acid produced as a byproduct of anaerobic respiration.

Question 29

Describe the ratio of stomata on the upper and lower side of a leaf

Answer 29

There are often zero stomata on the upper sides and over hundreds on the lower side

Question 30

Why is there more stomata on the lower side than the upper side of a leaf?

Answer 30

The upper side has a waxy layer to keep the water in and protect it from the sun. If it had stomata on the upper side as well, water would evaporate quickly and dehydrate the plant.

Question 31

Formula of fermentation

Answer 31

Glucose -> ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Question 32

What is the formula of photosynthesis?

Answer 32

6CO2+ 6H2O-> C6H12O6+ 6O2. The arrow demonstrates the energy from sunlight.

Question 33

If a graph line goes up and across straight what is it called?

Answer 33

Measuring rate is going up but a constant rate is going across straight.

Question 34

What is starch?

Answer 34

A large chain of glucose molecules

Question 35

Is there starch in leaves?

Answer 35

Leaves store starch for night time where there is no light for photosynthesis

Question 36

What is the scientific name for movement of air in and out of the lungs?

Answer 36

ventilation

Question 36

What are limitations of the bell jar model.

Answer 36

The sides of the jar do not move up and out and down and in like the rib cage actually does. The diaphragm also goes flat during exhalation in the model but in real life it is dome shaped.

Question 37

What do aerobic and anaerobic mean?

Answer 37

Aerobic means with oxygen. Anaerobic means without oxygen.

Question 38

If I wanted to observe fermentation what would a layer of oil do above a yeast solution

Answer 38

It would stop oxygen getting in

Question 39

Where does anaerobic respiration take place in

Answer 39

Cytoplasm

Question 40

What do enzymes do in yeast and when are they denatured.

Answer 40

Enzymes in yeast break down the glucose and if the yeast goes above 50 degrees Celsius they die/ denature. If enzymes are below 30 degrees Celsius they do not work as well.