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Science year 8 > Acids and alkalis > Flashcards

Acids and alkalis Flashcards

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1
Q

How to measure pH

A

Litmus paper and universal indicator

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2
Q

What colour does red litmus paper turn when reacting with an acid

A

Red

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3
Q

What colour does red litmus paper turn when reacting with an alkali

A

Blue

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4
Q

What colour does litmus paper turn when reacting with a neutral

A

It stays the same colour

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5
Q

What colour does blue litmus paper turn when reacting with an acid

A

Red

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6
Q

What colour does blue litmus paper turn when reacting with an alkali

A

Blue

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7
Q

What order does the colour pH scale go

A

Red, orange, yellow, green, blue and purple

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8
Q

What is a pestle and mortar

A

The mortar is the bowl and the pestle is the stick you crush the items inside the mortar with

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9
Q

What is a solvent

A

The liquid an item(solute) is being dissolved in

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10
Q

What is a solute

A

Something that dissolves in a liquid (solvent)

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11
Q

What is neutralisation?

A

When an acid reacts with an alkali/ base that cancels it out. The pH gets closer to 7.

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12
Q

How to neutralise a bee sting

A

Bee stings are acidic so adding an alkaline/ base would bring the pH closer to 7.

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13
Q

What is the difference between a base and an alkali

A

An alkali dissolves in water( soluble) but a base does not (insoluble).

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14
Q

How does neutralisation solve indigestion

A

Our stomachs have hydrochloric acid and too much can cause indigestion so antacid tablets contain bases to neutralise the extra acid but not too much to an extent that the stomach pH is too close to neutral.

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15
Q

How does neutralisation solve the soil for crops

A

Plants can’t grow on acidic soil so you can add bases to make the soil less acidic, where crops can grow.

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16
Q

How does neutralisation solve brushing teeth

A

Incorporating fluoride ,an alkali, into the tooth enamel makes your teeth more resistant to acids and plaque, also acidic.

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17
Q

How does neutralisation solve acidic lakes

A

Powdered limestone is alkaline so adding it to acidic lakes would neutralise the pH. This is called liming but it is expensive and temporary.

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18
Q

In the indigestion remedy tablet investigation, what would you use to represent the acid in the stomach

A

Hydrochloric acid

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19
Q

How can you measure reactivity in the indigestion tablet investigation

A

If it fizzes for the longest and turns green with drops from the universal indicator it works very well.

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20
Q

How to tell whether another metal has a higher reactivity than the other

A

If one metal displaces another metal it means it has a higher reactivity. Displacement is replacing a less reactive metal with a more reactive one in a compound.

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21
Q

Magnesium + sulfuric acid =?

A

Magnesium sulfate + hydrogen

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22
Q

Chemical formula for Sodium

A

Na

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23
Q

Chemical formula for hydrochloric acid

A

HCl

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24
Q

Chemical formula for hydrogen

A

H2

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25
Q

Chemical formula for sulfuric acid

A

H2SO4

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26
Q

Chemical formula for nitric acid

A

HNO3

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27
Q

Chemical formula for copper

A

Cu

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28
Q

Chemical formula for calcium

A

Ca

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29
Q

Chemical formula for nitrate

A

NO3

30
Q

Chemical formula for sulfate

A

SO2-4

31
Q

Chemical formula for vinegar

A

C2H4O2

32
Q

Chemical formula for carbon

A

C

33
Q

Chemical formula for helium

A

He

34
Q

Chemical formula for gold

A

Au

35
Q

Chemical formula for silver

A

Ag

36
Q

Chemical formula for nitrogen

A

N2

37
Q

Chemical formula for tin

A

An

38
Q

Chemical formula for magnesium

A

Mg

39
Q

Chemical formula for zinc

A

Zn

40
Q

Chemical formula for sulfur

A

S8

41
Q

Chemical formula for iron

A

Fe

42
Q

What does an acid and base make

A

Salt and water

43
Q

What does metal and acid make

A

Salt and hydrogen

44
Q

What does acid and metal carbonate make

A

Salt + carbon dioxide + water

45
Q

What does sulphuric acid react to

A

Sulfate

46
Q

What does hydrochloric acid react to

A

Chlorides

47
Q

What does nitric acid react to

A

Nitrates

48
Q

Properties of carbon

A

Insoluble, inert and at high temperatures reacts with oxygen to form carbon monoxide/dioxide

49
Q

Properties of calcium

A

Used to build strong bones and is a silvery white metal

50
Q

Properties of neon

A

Second lightest gas that is odourless and colourless and used in high voltage indicators like lights

51
Q

Properties of sulfur

A

Insoluble, pale yellow, odourless, tasteless, poor conductor and used in car batteries

52
Q

Properties of copper

A

Malleable, ductile, good conductor and used in coins/ jewellery

53
Q

What does malleable mean

A

Can be compressed to change shape

54
Q

What does ductile mean

A

Able to be made into a thin wire

55
Q

Properties of helium

A

Lightest noble gas, inert, colourless, odourless and used in airbags in cars

56
Q

Properties of iron

A

Shiny, ductile, malleable, silver grey colour and used in appliances

57
Q

Inert meaning

A

Chemically unreactive

58
Q

Properties of gold

A

Used in jewellery and most ductile, malleable of all metals and is expensive because it has a low reactivity

59
Q

Properties of sodium

A

Very reactive, good conductor, low density, malleable and ductile and boiling point is 98 degrees

60
Q

Properties of nitrogen

A

Colourless, odourless, tasteless and most plentiful element in the atmosphere and is used in explosives

61
Q

How can you tell something is a metal

A

Shiny, solid at room temp (apart from mercury) malleable, ductile and have a high melting point and are good conductors (except graphite)

62
Q

What do you add when a metal reacts with oxygen

A

Oxide

63
Q

Are non metal oxides alkaline or acidic

A

Acidic

64
Q

How to describe non metal oxides

A

Dissolve in water to form acidic solutions

65
Q

How to describe metal oxides

A

Dissolve in water to produce alkaline solutions

66
Q

What is the pop test

A

If you put hydrogen in a test tube and put a lighted match above it, it should make a pop sound.

67
Q

How does iron react to hydrochloric acid

A

Air bubbles

68
Q

How does magnesium react to hydrochloric acid

A

Fizzes

69
Q

How does zinc react to hydrochloric acid

A

Air bubbles

70
Q

How does copper react to hydrochloric acid

A

No reaction because it is less reactive

71
Q

Reactivity series of metals

A

Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Hydrogen
Copper
Silver
Gold
Platinum

Science year 8 (2 decks)

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