respiration Flashcards
what happens in the nose?
The air enters throught he 2 external nosetrils.The fringe of hair and mucous layer on the walls of the nasal cavity are called the cilia lining.Air is warmed and moistened as air passes through the nasal passages.
what happens in the treachea and bronchi
There are gland cells secrete mucus which traps dust,dirt,bacteria .The ciliated cell have hair-like structures called cilia which trap dust,dirt particles and micro-organism and sweep it up towards the back of the throat and out of the nostrils
what are the adaptation of the alveoli?
1.It is one-cell thick which has a shorter distance for diffusion of gases so fatser diffusion of gases
2.It has a thin film of moisture where the oxygen dissolve and diffuse across the alveolar walls easily
3.It has many blood capillaries surrounding the alveoli so it helps to have a constant blood flow which maintains a concentration gradient so faster diffusion of gases
4.it has numerous alveoli in the lungs so it increases the surface area to volume ration which allow faster exchange of gases via diffusion
how does oxygen reach the tissue cells
The oxygen in the alevous dissolves in the thin flim of mositure and diffuses into the blood capillaries.oxygen combines with haemoglobin in the red blood cells to form oxyhaemoglobin.
oxyhaemoglobin releases oxygen which diffuses throught he cappilary wall into the tissue cells
what is breathing and gas exchange ?
breathing is a physical process which invloves muscular contraction to move air
gas exchange is the trabnsfer of gaes between the respiratory system and thecirculatory system
what happens during inhalation?
Diaphragm contracts and flattens.The intercoastal muscles relax and external intercoastal muscles contract moveing the ribs forward and upwards.The theroic cavity increases causing the lungs to expand.The air pressure in the lungs decreases cauring air to move into the lungs
what happens during exhalation?
Diaphragm relaxes and arches upwards.The external intercoast muscles relax and internal intercoastal muscles contract causing the ribs to move inwards and backwards.The theroic cavity decreases.The lungs are compressed and the air pressure increases than the atmosphereic pressure forcing the air out of the body
what is respiration?
respiration is the oxidation of gluocose with release of energy
describe aerobic respiration?
Areobic respiration is the breakdown of glucose inpressence of oxygen to release carbon dioxide ,water and large amount of energy.It occurs in the mitochondria of cells.
c6h12o6+6o2—–>6co2+ 6h20
what is anaerobic respiration?
it is the breakdown of glucose into relatively smaller amount of energy in the absence of oxygen.Lactic acid is a by-product and it occurs in the muscle cells
glucose—->small amt of energy and lactic acid
what happens during excerise?
1.During exercise the muscles contract vigoursly to enable movement.More energy is needed
2.aerobic respiration occurs to release energy
3.The breathing rate increases to take in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide rapidly
4.Increase inthe heart rate to increase the transport of oxygen and glucose to the muscle cells for increases rate of respiration.
When the BR and HR cannot increase further,anaerobic respiration takes place in additon to aerobic respiration.which allows contraction to continue.Insufficent o2 supply,lactic acid is produced during the process.The body is sais to have suffered from oxygen debt
what happens to the lactic acid?
Lactic acid will be broken down in the liver.Lactic acid is oxidized to release energy.This energy is used to convert the remaining the lactic acid to glucose.Glucose is then transported back to muscle
