respiration Flashcards
What is respiration?
The process of transferring energy from the breakdown of glucose
is respiration Endo or exo
exothermic, it transfers energy to emvironment
Give three examples of how organisms use energy transferred by respiration
to build larger molecules from smaller ones eg proteins from amino acids
allow muscles to contract
keep body temperate stable in the cold (mammals and birds)
what is metabolism?
All the chemical reactions in an organism
what is created when glucose molecules join together
Starch, glycogen, cellose
How was starch, glycogen, and cellulose formed?
Lots of small glucose molecules joined together
how are lipid molecules made?
One molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids
How are proteins made?
glucose + nitrate ions —> amino acids —> proteins
give two examples of reactions where larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones
Glucose is broken down and respiration which transfers energy to power all other reactions that make molecules
Excess protein is broken to produce urea which is then excreted into urine
what is aerobic respiration?
respiration with oxygen
where does aerobic respiration take place?
Mitochondria
Aerobic respiration word equation
glucose + oxygen —> co2 + water
aerobic respiration symbol equation
c6h12o6 + 6o2 —> 6co2 + 6h2o
What is anaerobic respiration?
The breakdown of glucose to release small amounts of energy without the use of oxygen
where does anaerobic respiration take place?
Cytoplasm
When might anaerobic respiration occur?
Vigourous exercise and your body can’t supply enough oxygen to your muscles
Word equation for anaerobic respiration
glucose —> lactic acid
why doesn’t anaerobic respiration transfer as much energy?
Glucose isn’t fully oxidised as it doesn’t combine with oxygen
Word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast cells
glucose —> ethanol + co2
What is anaerobic respiration called in yeast cells and what is it used for?
Fermentation, to make bread and alcohol
why does heart and breathing rates increase?
When exercising, there is a higher energy demand. This means there is a higher rate of aerobic respiration. so there is a high demand for glucose and oxygen,
So rates increase
What are 4 examples of chemical reactions/metabolism?
digestion, photosynthesis, respiration, detoxifying alcohol
what might you feel after anaerobic respiration and why?
muscle fatigue or pain pain as lactic acid has built up
how does the body get rid of lactic acid?
Blood that enters your muscles transport lactic acid to the liver where it is converted back to glucose.
What are some things the liver does?
Breaks down lactic acid and alcohol
Detoxifies alcohol and transfers broken down substances to kidney, via blood
why might a person with higher muscle percentage have a faster metabolism?
The muscles need more energy to be maintained
when will you have oxygen debt?
When you stop exercising after anaerobic respiration
What is oxygen debt?
The amount of extra oxygen your body needs to react with the buildup of lactic acid and remove it.
what happens to the lactic acid once you have more oxygen?
They react to form CO2 and water
